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High Voltage Engineering
0 N0 }1 {' q) A4 x6 ?/ P
- B) G+ \7 m( W/ S, S) Nby Lucas J R
2 N6 b! s: C7 g" }5 Q
0 E% x, v* h i K4 HFirst Produced in Cyclostyled form 19704 x, ?' L3 s! n
[Revised and Reproduced periodically]7 E2 z3 S( J$ b, c
New Edition 1995
# ~) L* O2 a# C vRevised Edition 2001
- U' }, I" [: d7 i# u; w9 S; }$ k7 t, u8 L, ~5 g; t
1 BREAKDOWN OF GASEOUS INSULATION
! [+ J) S$ g6 y$ T/ u; X2 BREAKDOWN OF LIQUID AND SOLID INSULATION........... ..................................... 227 Y. ^+ o1 x. H* j3 @$ u- L- T$ J |
3 LIGHTNING PHENOMENA.................................................. .......................................... 34; V& o4 U' d9 N, s# L
4 HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS............................................................................................................... 45
; n$ d% N9 V2 a/ l5 HIGH VOLTAGE CABLES............................................................................................................................................. 64: }& k" ?% h& \8 q7 e' K6 D
6 MEASUREMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGES.................................................................................................................... 91
) V7 J; W+ F- m+ @7 HIGH VOLTAGE GENERATORS FOR TESTING .................................................................................................. 123
9 r7 \( H! ?( u5 J& r8 HIGH VOLTAGE SURGE GENERATORS ................................................................................................................ 132
; f$ r9 t+ U* m- ~, @. _" t) h# c9 HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING.......................................................................................................................................... 148
+ ^& n$ c! Z3 I0 S! r9.0 High Voltage Testing Procedure............................................................................................................................ 148/ k0 Z6 T; L0 r- E$ ?# ]
9.1 General tests carried out on High voltage equipment ........................................................................................ 1481 K+ E9 T0 m& j
9.2 Testing of solid dielectric materials....................................................................................................................... 151' |5 S8 s+ M1 c; @9 U/ e" B
9.3 Impulse Testing......................................................................................................................................................... 153
5 r3 s- k4 J- Q( h2 ?3 t: b9.4 Voltage Distribution in a Transformer Winding.................................................................................................. 155. h4 V; ?% O9 ~1 s
9.5 Tests on Insulators.................................................................................................................................................... 158% p) |* f% w# B& s( h
9.6 Tests on Transformers ............................................................................................................................................. 160
: P) c1 o! |7 p! q7 T G9.7 Tests on Cables.......................................................................................................................................................... 161
' E0 u6 i7 E+ |$ l9.7.1 Tests on Pressurised Cables.......................................................................................................................... 1624 j- Y7 `- b- A$ O8 y- ?+ t" s, Z
9.8 Tests on High Voltage Bushings............................................................................................................................ 163! Z" q8 F7 y- {2 k
9.9 Tests on Porcelain and toughened glass insulators for overhead power lines............................................... 1640 X! @7 H* N! G" h) y
10 INSULATION CO-ORDINATION.............................................................................................................................. 166: P, _: h ~4 e! b: \ w
10.0 Insulation Co-ordination......................................................................................................................................... 166
# c$ K0 |+ P8 w9 u9 k+ ^- X10.1 Terminology .............................................................................................................................................................. 166
1 q' n8 E+ Z$ \4 X9 A1 }& ~1 |% l10.2 Conventional method of insulation co-ordination .............................................................................................. 168
R; X/ ?" ]5 Q) n10.3 Statistical Method of Insulation Co-ordination .................................................................................................... 169% p L( l9 n3 S' {" j
10.3.1 Evaluation of Risk Factor ............................................................................................................................. 1703 @' \3 V0 Y1 R) j; z3 R
10.4 Length of Overhead Shielding Wire ...................................................................................................................... 170
, g! z/ E; r6 g0 [10.4.1 Modification of Waveshape by Corona..................................................................................................... 171
+ X9 ? W$ b' Y$ }4 g5 V! n& D$ H10.5 Surge Protection........................................................................................................................................................ 173
* u$ g2 R4 p: A, S b11 HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT TRANSMISSION..................................................................................... 184& [3 |0 Z2 H7 h8 n. p) C$ q
11.0 Historical Background............................................................................................................................................. 184
' ^1 \+ y# y/ z7 |7 q- ?& L11.1 Comparison of a.c and d.c transmission................................................................................................................ 185
% \& ^: w4 R9 K1 t! s11.2 Convertor arrangements and operation................................................................................................................ 190
5 d- u/ }, d; K( ^- `& ?11.3 Control Characteristics ............................................................................................................................................ 199: {# T1 J+ ]7 J. e& a
11.4 Classification of d.c. links........................................................................................................................................ 2035 Z. ?' R, A0 ^3 {- z/ q7 D5 y. o
INDEX......................................................................................................................................................................................... 205 |
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