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Design_of_Direct-driven_Permanent-magnet_Generators

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    发表于 2010-6-23 19:59:59 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
    电子图书
    电子图书名: Design_of_Direct-driven_Permanent-magnet_Generators
    编者: Göteborg, Sweden.
    内容简介: This thesis presents an investigation of how a direct-driven wind turbine
    generator should be designed and how small and efficient such a
    generator will be. Advantages and disadvantages of various types of
    direct-driven wind turbine generators are discussed, and a radial-flux
    permanent-magnet generator connected to a forced-commutated rectifier
    is chosen for a detailed theoretical investigation. Further, a design
    method is developed for the electromagnetic part of the chosen generator
    type. The generator is optimized with a simplified cost function which,
    besides including the cost of the active generator parts and the cost of the
    structure, also includes the cost of the average losses. Therefore, a method
    to calculate the average losses is derived. The design method is used to
    investigate the optimization of a 500 kW generator, and the size, efficiency
    and active weight of optimized generators from 30 kW to 3 MW are
    presented. A result of the investigation is that the outer diameters of the
    direct-driven generators are only slightly larger than the width of
    conventional wind energy converter nacelles. A comparison of average
    efficiency shows that direct-driven generators, including the losses in the
    frequency converters, are more efficient than conventional wind energy
    converter drive trains. Compared with other direct-driven generators, the
    proposed generator type is small, mainly because of the forced-
    commutated rectifier and because the generator is not required to produce
    a pull-out torque higher than the rated torque.
    所属专业方向: 电机
    出版社: Department of Electric Power Engineering
    来源: 网络

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    本帖最后由 amfk2006 于 2010-6-23 20:01 编辑
    0 U& R4 Q/ K4 P+ S# ~/ M9 \
    1 u* z' n4 B' I9 n3 |. D  }Table of Contents+ l& J6 Z: v8 g7 b4 l2 W" M
    Abstract 38 T" R- c# U+ |6 ^
    Preface 3
    $ m; u) A8 D4 K4 pTable of Contents 4
    / [1 _' u( F" x! `! A- BList of Symbols 64 _4 H5 T  G' Y+ l2 {
    1 Introduction 11' s; U7 Z2 W) f4 C3 W
    1.1 Why Use Direct-driven Wind-turbine Generators 114 P5 n# g7 ]( x" A, V: A
    1.2 Differences Compared with Conventional Generators 12% z- r& K( S  [$ {
    1.3 Proposed Generator Types 12( [! z7 a0 c$ V+ C3 g6 ~$ v3 P
    1.3.1 Sector Induction Generator 120 [, J; U4 D* Q, q; C# }
    1.3.2 Electrically Excited Synchronous Generator 13' X" N2 m9 a3 U. q0 k; L+ e
    1.3.3 Switched Reluctance Generator 147 }( c; q5 E: c
    1.3.4 Permanent-magnet Radial-flux Synchronous Generator 14, q9 Q8 r- B. x- m7 k
    1.3.5 Axial-flux Generators 16, c7 {8 C$ \6 Y% |& j6 d' t
    1.3.6 Transversal-flux Variable-speed Generator 17
    : H- ^6 n* Y* J1.4 Discussion of Earlier Research 19" }# @" ^& j1 U/ X6 @& z0 @/ d
    1.5 Goal and Outline of the Thesis 19
    - [. C3 ~1 W4 D- C& k4 ~2 Generator Specification and Cost Function 21
    ! z8 ]4 F# [: o& D! a6 H* u( g2.1 Specification 21, p, k7 H' c' J: D
    2.2 Generator Cost Function 236 M- o6 Z* E% n" E4 e! t$ ^8 w
    2.2.1 Cost of Active Parts 24
    3 D2 l7 x, Z. O/ L' y2.2.2 Cost of Structure 241 d; k% D/ X; x  l" |- u
    2.2.3 Cost of Average Losses 24# i' I4 @' ^( v" m3 b
    2.2.4 Total Cost Function 268 I( R* r; V, N9 v3 I7 \
    3 Calculation Method for the Average Losses 27; ]9 `. u1 W9 U* h9 w
    3.1 Average Losses 27
    - `9 n' P8 N0 c( l0 R3.2 Average Efficiency and Average Power 299 t6 S, z! V" T$ s+ I5 S& q" r
    3.3 Determining Average Loss Factors 30
    4 \. p5 o( W' ~- z, p4 Generator Types 37
    & o* G, v9 ~* d, V4.1 Electrical Excitation or Permanent Magnets 37
    : g5 _  [( B% ~$ |5 U5 v4.2 Direct Grid Connection or Frequency Converter 39
    + W' i) K' [7 R! T; \3 _; {4.3 Surface Magnets or Flux Concentration 40" F; y' |4 C2 @1 Y5 J/ |
    4.4 Slot Winding or Air Gap Winding 416 @4 U; `* }0 x% L+ j. M# W
    4.5 Radial-, Axial- and Transversal-flux Machines 42  b1 j. Z' w4 E7 Q* h, B+ f3 v7 C! N
    4.6 Forced-commutated Rectifier or Diode Rectifier 44
    + P, C5 F# X7 c- D& ^% x4.6.1 Generator Model 45( y6 I9 K3 x0 m* s* `
    4.6.2 Diode Rectifier 45
    , Q, @- M3 A1 J" h4.6.3 Forced-commutated Rectifier 461 y/ c7 w) T0 N! O1 U- n! K' L
    4.6.4 Rectifier Comparison 48$ C5 {. D. J0 i3 q  X& x$ a2 l
    4.7 Chosen Generator Type 51
    ( y; S' n8 h: k0 S1 R  r/ O! e4.7.1 Basic Generator Concept 51
    7 N) E& I" Y* a# b4.7.2 Details of the Chosen Generator 51
    / h# l1 d# F, y# |0 Z4.7.3 Materials 52
    ( }6 c% Y( Q6 h+ F0 h5 Design Method for a Permanent-magnet Generator 556 H% m: p  E! R- p' @( n
    5.1 Design Variables 55
    + a/ t7 H: s# q+ Z' d* r# C2 ]& x8 W5.2 Design Equations 58
    % _4 ^4 N; x# l  D2 P' g5 S- W5.2.1 General Definitions 58
    4 a3 l& c( ^! @! c& k5.2.2 Magnetic Circuit 60+ `9 C2 P7 K9 ?$ {% o
    5.2.3 Stator Inductance and Resistance 61
    ( Z# l/ l! ^  ^' `8 }- c5.2.4 Material Volume and Weight 63
    9 C9 L+ I& w) j$ w* ]' K5 m5.2.5 Losses 64
    : G; u/ n7 i! }: P; P' e' P5.2.6 Voltage, Power and Efficiency 67' x9 u& x, ?. P- p2 S# C( d6 E
    5.2.7 Thermal Model and Temperature Rise 68
    - l. ^0 ~) I' l) T0 B6 p3 X5.2.8 Irreversible Demagnetization 69
    " d+ \4 m( i# x/ A, x" a) M0 p5.3 Calculation Procedure 71
    4 p( K6 [3 B+ _5 E5.4 Test of the Design Method 72
    8 p+ r5 e( |/ e, }% m5.4.1 Comparison with Finite Element Calculations 72, Y3 z: \* e0 ~/ N
    5.4.2 Test of Thermal Model 73
    9 i. `) |; z+ a2 H# {- W6 Generator Optimization 77
    2 u( Q8 ~8 ?  p1 Z" `- d6.1 Optimum 500 kW Generators 77
    % o1 F$ p+ Y  _  A, F6.1.1 Optimized Reference Generator 77
    & o% H! k) U, U6 r- M6.1.2 Optimized Generators for 50 Hz and 200 % Peak Power 80
    / }4 G6 u# v  k, w$ r% v6.1.3 Optimization Using the Losses at Rated Load 82
    # }) Q: |# W; F% ^* x8 H6.2 Sensitivity to Variable Changes 84' _' t$ ]' V$ Y+ I
    6.3 Sensitivity to Cost Function Changes 86$ M7 R: n* `7 I1 _9 U* _) b
    6.3.1 Cost of Losses 86/ Z0 x9 K( s( U* Z
    6.3.2 Cost of Iron and Copper 87
    # L4 p8 K) p( {8 y& [  ~6.3.3 Cost of Permanent Magnets 88
    ) C: K/ X/ K  X- J1 Q% h) w1 |6.3.4 Cost of the Structure 896 o& a2 E; S! l, o2 C
    6.4 Optimum Generator Diameter 90% e2 `3 @  q/ j/ B( r0 J0 n3 j
    6.5 Typical 500 kW Permanent-magnet Generator 92
    1 _+ ], k2 _' @6 H* u* o7 Design and Comparison 957 F7 z+ `6 M, W/ J" J0 Z% x
    7.1 Generators from 30 kW to 3 MW 95
    0 m3 _+ `* J) `0 @9 S! O" z1 z/ f7.1.1 Generator Data 954 U) k8 v3 V3 I8 C* {8 ^
    7.1.2 Optimum Variables and Parameter Values 97
    1 g$ ^/ \5 E- f) F% B$ `, P7.1.3 Power Limits For the Direct-driven Generators 100
    ) S' A1 }3 P. ?5 l7.2 Comparisons 102* _5 s4 V1 H8 @
    7.2.1 Comparison with Conventional Generators and Gears 102
    ' C+ `) M* e+ u% N' i. \7.2.2 Comparison with Other Direct-driven Generators 1046 ^4 ?  a/ R2 l
    8 Conclusions 107; E3 ]5 s* x- @3 ]) D0 {4 O  V* i0 ~* W( T
    8.1 Different Generator Types 107
    , B& w% U% E: A. x3 z8 d! b2 Y8.2 Generator Design and Optimization 108* U8 R3 L- `( y
    8.3 Designed Generators and Comparison with Other Generators 108
    ) ]# q6 B* ?7 v& j4 L+ N* d* w4 g8.4 Further Work 109
    % |4 `% N% P# Y: K( k7 V0 |References 111$ u3 \( |0 o8 i# W! @
    Appendix A   Magnetizing Inductance 115
    ' {4 q% g( O  q$ T5 JAppendix B  Thermal Model of the Generator 1198 Y( P. F1 z+ D4 M
    Appendix C   Average Efficiencies 131

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