TA的每日心情 无聊 2019-12-22 22:50
签到天数: 11 天
连续签到: 1 天
[LV.3]偶尔看看II
累计签到:172 天 连续签到:1 天
电子图书
电子图书名:
Electric Power Quality
编者:
Surajit Chattopadhyay Madhuchhanda Mitra Samarjit Sengupta
内容简介:
Electrical Power has become the life line of our civilization. It is considered as an
indicator of the stage of development of a country. The quantitative and qualitative
development of the sources of electricity is the most important requirement for the
power utility. Various technologies have been developed in case of conventional
power generation e.g. thermal, hydel or nuclear.Again some non-conventional energy
sources like wind power, solar power or mini-micro hydel power are also contributing
to the total power bank. Presently the electricity grid is receiving power from multiple
sources, both conventional and non-conventional. This hybrid system requires tight
quality control particularly using improved measuring techniques of power quality
parameters for this power mix. The energy engineers and technologists are striving
hard to 滻搀 out ways and means to solve the problems related to power systems,
due to the mixing of power from various sources. Researchers are carrying out their
studies on different aspects of the problem utilizing modern electronic devices, smart
sensors and state-of-the-art control protocols.
The present book written by my students, is the result of their prolonged research
work in the area of power quality issues. This is a timely publication and will be
much appreciated by both undergraduate and postgraduate students. It will also serve
as a reference book for the researchers carrying out researches in the relevant areas.
It is felt that the content of the book is well organized and innovative.
I must heartily congratulate the authors for the publication of the book. It is hoped
that this book will satisfy the requirements of those for whom it has been written.
所属专业方向:
电能质量
出版社:
Spinger
来源:
马上加入,结交更多好友,共享更多资料,让你轻松玩转电力研学社区!
您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看,没有账号?立即加入
×
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 b: E4 z7 p' J* F& H) i: M 1.1 De滻椀琀椀漀渀 of Electric Power Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
, | ^7 u# o4 g+ Y 1.2 Sources for Electric Power Quality Deterioration in a
2 e1 Y, R4 r6 M" | Power System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
, G( F! t2 F; F 1.3 Need for Assessment of Electric Power Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2( Z F a/ `! S0 }5 m
1.4 Book at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
' r/ e$ ~& d5 ~ 2 Electric Power Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5: `# v) ~$ [3 ?+ r6 `
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
9 D! G% ^1 q" u6 q1 U0 [1 p 2.2 Electric Power Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8 n, Y6 `! p1 o) C, P 2.3 Classi揻愀琀椀漀渀 of Power System Disturbances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 n( A$ c' m1 b+ M& Q' z7 y; c
2.4 Power Quality Standards and Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
/ p; h' t6 d9 Q References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10) ~ I( Y. G( m& L& o' a: d8 r" G
3 Unbalance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13* @2 l* {- X" ?1 o" ], f5 P; Z- s
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3 D; O+ M' m0 a p+ Y 3.2 Unbalance in Three Phase Power System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
' D/ c" L: K. T: U! e 3.3 Sources of Unbalance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14' S% U0 [2 k4 ?3 U& A# p
3.4 Effect of Unbalance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14; M0 d) ~0 \6 [ }) \' e% d& y
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15* s4 u8 T) u" X* ]5 ]1 [0 v
4 Harmonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
& @8 @* n6 i. C4 `' z: T. g 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
' ]$ ~2 s5 L5 R 4.2 Fundamental Wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5 P$ r9 i$ j2 V0 v 4.3 Harmonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18" {& w9 M2 f7 e! s
4.4 Sources of Harmonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
, I! T+ |8 Z* p7 b/ [% t 4.4.1 Magnetization Nonlinearities of Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
- b3 D/ K# G9 X% b- J, J+ j2 X 4.4.2 Rotating Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 A5 D% H5 w4 n$ c b, Z0 C
4.4.3 Distortion Caused by Arcing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
0 l) _4 X/ N! n! }4 [9 U' Z 4.4.4 Power Supplies with Semiconductor Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, y8 O$ m& b1 r$ Z( s/ r
4.4.5 Inverter Fed AC drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24- D6 m" k. O0 A
4.4.6 Thyristor Controlled Reactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4 w8 [0 p: b+ [" y& h0 ^% I ixx Contents
" G3 @8 `1 F. Z 4.4.7 Phase Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
! S, F) t" c" W9 [2 M3 u9 E 4.4.8 AC Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 g0 ?" d# ?1 H$ j4 O- t3 g# q0 k
4.5 Effects of Harmonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25) p( J; }* U- G# ^& h- ]* {
4.5.1 Resonance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3 r) u) m8 t3 s$ o! U+ Z 4.5.2 Poor Damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
; U" m* P6 n5 l- S1 p 4.5.3 Effects of Harmonics on Rotating Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2 j" C+ D: j" I; G, f1 j 4.5.4 Effects of Harmonics on Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7 U) |2 D" k. [+ Z# |! R- d 4.5.5 Effects of Harmonics on Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . 27) p) z: p; k: |- x$ g2 p6 w4 X
4.5.6 Effects of Harmonics on Measuring Instruments . . . . . . . . . . 28
- Y6 v7 g _3 y9 h 4.5.7 Harmonic Interference with Power System Protection . . . . . . 29/ ]% b/ r- P/ M% N6 E
4.5.8 Effects of Harmonics on Capacitor Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29" g8 i x U) v& k! j b- `- ~
4.5.9 Effects of Harmonics on Consumer Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 29
" m& L" M0 k; G# T 4.5.10 Summary of Effects of Harmonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7 ^2 E: x! T& t+ c 4.6 Harmonic Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3 g5 q# a4 A; i I7 Y, P+ { 4.6.1 The IEC Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 M6 @) p8 i* J, v4 @2 z6 D8 j# g
4.6.2 IEEE 519-1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32* |1 N3 r, H/ b$ L- O3 e. H
4.6.3 General Harmonic Indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
+ t$ [. w! ~& [8 z References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4 X: M" e6 o6 N 5 Transients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5 _# Z, }; X% b4 c. A4 r5 m9 n3 L) V 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
U. q1 w& N! l, P5 V 5.2 Power System Transients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
b3 ~* o) i6 `: }* e q% p 5.3 Causes of Power System Transients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 r" } Q/ E% \) ?/ F; c
5.3.1 Impulsive Transients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37( G* P5 \, q2 C" R8 h! I/ ]- [3 Z
5.3.2 Oscillatory Transients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, T6 Y0 f. G3 W# r! d6 z/ w/ M
5.3.3 Multiple Transients with a Single Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37- M" Z4 H" F* o4 k% \, A: q( g
5.4 Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3 \0 @5 V p' c, d2 `8 B References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 \/ I) `( ?$ {/ C9 ^
6 Sag, Swell, Interruption, Undervoltage and Overvoltage . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
! T/ {. u6 n1 z( ^1 ~6 m7 d 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39$ n4 S, N8 i3 R/ D
6.2 Sag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39( a) a# a* G6 @
6.3 Swell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Z' [0 w! q% \0 w- X+ B9 h
6.4 Interruption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
# r F+ \; ~2 M' L& Q& j 6.5 Sustained Interruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 w+ }1 W5 w, D. ^2 e
6.6 Undervoltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3 ~; V+ J @# ~ 6.7 Overvoltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 v7 J6 e1 ^( D4 E+ G2 ?) g2 V4 e
6.8 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
) |4 y. O8 z& l! z References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42/ d; H c# b. b
7 DC Offset, Electric Noise, Voltage Fluctuation, Flicker and Power
9 I s9 Q( m0 t1 |5 V6 P, F Frequency Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4 m- A: `4 Z. h9 K- Q+ U 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
$ H. ~% ~; D" g/ E) l 7.2 DC Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
) n( n6 _4 @) l# K: {9 @ 7.3 Electric Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Contents xi
/ {( V5 c- V! `* O/ V+ ^5 E 7.4 Voltage Fluctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3 h/ s7 Y. K) J2 Z7 t3 |5 i 7.5 Flicker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45! n( J& d- S3 Y& w/ f7 w: Y) h
7.6 Power Frequency Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45# R# c0 |, Q' D# U
7.7 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 t) @% z( U5 e% b
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
7 E1 h( h1 Y# L* M8 B 8 Unbalance Assessment Using Sequence Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, m8 N2 s% f0 h4 m
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
$ M6 G, S# h, p* W# `9 T/ b 8.2 Sequence Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
) x! }1 z) ?/ @% X' |9 e# T 8.2.1 Positive Sequence Current and Voltage Components . . . . . . . 48* |! \8 Q7 o7 t6 M% m9 W [" S1 t
8.2.2 Negative Sequence Current and Voltage Components . . . . . . 49/ k4 R: P4 e8 T
8.2.3 Zero Sequence Current and Voltage Components . . . . . . . . . . 500 N' _5 f/ i4 W5 I8 a3 g+ r7 ~
8.3 Phase Currents and Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
h( q4 j. S4 \, ?$ @( H8 { 8.3.1 Balanced System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
; d1 B( U3 V) t% _& x 8.3.2 Unbalanced System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51* M8 z' S4 J, _7 n
8.4 ‘a’ Operator and Angle Representation in Complex Plane . . . . . . . . . 52
7 ]! Q- p. K; o# _ 8.5 Currents and Voltages in Terms of Sequence Components with
# ?) ~; t- N0 X/ b% x: E ‘a’ Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
9 Z9 _+ D+ v5 Y+ J- z$ @9 R9 R 8.6 Case Study on Unbalance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 J+ M3 l* q" |! H6 A
8.6.1 Single Phasing in Induction Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
( v: O/ W5 `; g6 R% d; y7 R o4 m 8.6.2 Line Currents during Single Phasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
& \7 ^% h4 k. j& i" n7 n 8.6.3 Sequence Components in Single Phasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
: h# ^: T3 R4 L- J6 Z 8.6.4 Line Currents and Sequence Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5 k0 P4 ^! n0 y4 p) W7 v 8.7 De滻椀琀椀漀渀 of Unbalance: An Alternate Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61) o3 Y. f' V' Z8 f
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 k4 x6 K9 P3 ]- K* t
9 Unbalance Assessment Using Feature Pattern Extraction Method. . . . 63
$ m- t0 v$ O( ^ 9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
' J7 b. U1 j, } e 9.2 Feature Pattern Extraction Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
: M. p6 q, |2 M 9.3 Unbalance and FPEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648 Q- i) w' T2 J2 R
9.4 CMS Rule Set for Unbalance Assessment by FPEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
1 Z$ u, A4 E: N 9.5 Algorithm for Unbalance Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
% d' G: V- U3 t- o 9.6 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74- K4 y$ e6 `: P6 V% a6 O' }9 H
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 ^3 q& A( }/ d' s
10 Useful Tools for Harmonic Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
9 G! y Z- [# q% h2 B( U+ e 10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
2 J3 I2 x( z/ X$ H4 ` 10.2 Fourier Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 E; q6 [8 y& D& ^4 g9 l
10.3 Fourier Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
% H( d; n1 |/ N' I1 Y0 F& _ 10.4 Discrete Fourier Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
' m! O: D, S/ x# D 10.5 Fast Fourier Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
! g7 H7 @% c1 P4 D/ a9 I X5 \/ @2 x 10.6 Hartley Transform and Discrete Hartley Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81* [0 @* W( ~: I6 G# Y6 i4 c, ?8 B
10.7 Wavelet Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
' x, |4 v* ^0 d) T% h 10.8 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
, x6 r: s; G. C4 l/ @ References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82xii Contents
- X+ r; H: A1 l: k3 z 11 Harmonic Assessment using FPEM in V-V and I-I Planes . . . . . . . . . . . 83
; _( C, t. }2 Z, |1 n+ X( b8 K: ~ 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6 Q+ G! p+ L. m4 o% g2 H* X 11.2 Harmonic Assessment by FPEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
) C: [' M+ ^* q& O3 b8 R 11.3 Patterns in V-V Planes in Presence of Harmonic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
* T0 d8 j/ \8 {" J 11.4 CMS Rule for Determination of Highest order of Dominating
: m" L* e+ u! ~9 _( L) p Harmonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6 l/ J/ n4 ?4 B$ z2 s Q+ Z2 s 11.5 Limitation of FPEM for Harmonic Assessment in V-V and
: Q# s- O) m9 q I-I Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87: [: i. [/ W8 u+ ~) V
11.6 Algorithm for Real Power System Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87* `/ i* s7 m# ]" b/ T; F
11.7 Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Z( Q8 v' w1 [ o! P+ |* t References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88$ v$ A0 s' i7 f3 y, i
12 Clarke and Park Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89* S ]* L3 w" x( X! K2 T2 r0 S
12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
, D& F- L1 b! A7 i. G 12.2 Current Space Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897 O4 p- l/ O3 f) U/ V2 O5 C
12.3 Stationary Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
X5 r* C; H% Q! g" ]7 K 12.4 General Rotating Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
% x* I( M( P2 ~( \: T! P4 I 12.5 d-q Rotating Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
+ r3 R7 J* L- K) x) Y( P M 12.6 Transformation Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94" r( c D9 k8 M- r' S
12.7 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
6 t; y, b# y& j" L# U5 \ References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968 W3 \0 V" _ Q# g; P% K2 j
13 Harmonics Assessment by FPEM in Clarke and Park Planes . . . . . . . . 97
! r# h. q0 A' [# Y2 K) E& i+ a 13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4 _$ F. x1 m0 t+ [/ _$ n/ q$ q 13.2 Harmonic Analysis in Clarke Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
/ E6 i: K# d7 A 13.3 Harmonic Analysis in Park Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5 f5 o; h2 \( ~& E" o 13.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
6 ~6 q% b; z1 [' ~8 t References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106& J' Y% q1 c6 I6 } [
14 Harmonic Assessment by Area Based Technique in V–V and; U! a, R9 Q5 C
I–I Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
% h6 n' F, a$ t7 v 14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
1 q2 _% \* {/ D# ]& z 14.2 Area Based Technique (ABT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
/ _% [ r* ~; ~ |2 ?: x+ ?+ ^ 14.2.1 Area and Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
# P+ K; t( I& b% p1 G) R3 |, C7 ^" ] 14.2.2 Fundamental Frequency and Reference Signal' M) a! h4 c& e6 P& m/ c
for Assessment of Fundamental Component . . . . . . . . . . . . 109/ L* L d6 h2 Y" J# R: p& e) n
14.2.3 Reference Signal for Assessment
7 i3 u/ ?- b0 F' E of Harmonic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110: H0 d+ t. G6 z( A' ~% s$ G/ F
14.2.4 Contribution of Fundamental Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111: w" ^: `# q( Y8 F9 o
14.2.5 Contribution of Harmonic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112' U+ s6 O" ?7 k1 `
14.2.6 CMS Equations for Total Harmonic Distortion9 I _- W5 z8 I+ ], e7 G" D1 X& B
Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
/ }$ l; ~6 `* z 14.3 Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
; J" B9 P9 m! m7 h7 O! H& X0 c 14.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
0 ~9 d* ]* d7 w References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Contents xiii
" s8 r" d2 e" w0 K 15 Harmonic Assessment by Area Based Technique in Clarke6 { Y9 q3 Q* O+ v# t# y6 Z% g# r0 M
and Park Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
6 Q5 i( R* A" y7 T y 15.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
7 b: H5 u/ e( m3 s1 I( x7 y 15.2 Voltage and Current in Clarke (α β) Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
" W3 j" j# s7 v4 \9 @2 B1 ~, V6 [" p 15.3 Reference Signal for Assessment of Fundamental Component . . . 117
, T5 v' P- ~: j7 F+ c 15.4 Fundamental Components in Clarke Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
6 F- z6 G( f; H: |/ J# H) m 15.5 Harmonic Components in Clarke Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
+ x7 `5 U" a8 M4 {5 A 15.6 CMS Equations for Total Harmonic Distortion in Clarke
7 |7 w8 n2 A$ \. l Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121# u |! a. K, M5 x$ q* w
15.7 Voltages and Currents in Park (d–q) Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
$ [% j- Y* x1 B5 { 15.8 Reference Signal in Park Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
1 w0 ?+ z) `# Y0 [: d 15.9 Fundamental Components in Park Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
& f x0 o& D1 s' F 15.10 Harmonic Components in Park Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
( |" z/ E7 Q+ t: p2 k$ w' ] 15.11 CMS Equations for Total Harmonic Distortion Factors . . . . . . . . . 1284 x! ~# M Q3 |, w% V" `' G
15.12 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
/ i5 J& C( Z: Y& L" [. x References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
$ {0 @1 j+ i2 m6 \% Q8 Q Y 16 Assessment of Power Components by FPEM and ABT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131* y/ }" N! ?; v2 f+ \
16.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
2 Y9 q2 D# N% ~6 l4 v4 `) d 16.2 Power Components by FPEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318 W/ {7 K( G# [. l' z' ~) b7 Y/ {
16.3 CMS Rule Set for Power Components by FPEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
9 J' L/ x3 S/ X 16.4 Limitations of CMS Rule Set for Power Components
7 L8 C3 x& h* ^0 c by FPEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
. R/ N9 J" q: F 16.5 Power Component Assessment by Area Based Technique . . . . . . . 1375 \: [8 E& @5 P H& H
16.6 Power Components of R, Y and B Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1388 ?1 Q$ p5 v/ o9 H* {% h
16.6.1 Contribution of Fundamental Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
& R2 w2 [0 E& H- W& A: Z 16.6.2 Contribution of Harmonic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1391 I n, ]& Y$ t4 P3 C1 ~8 D7 [
16.7 Power Components in Clarke Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
* g- n2 A# ^0 G9 J 16.7.1 Contribution of Fundamental Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1401 s6 e; J# @: P( G% { I5 M
16.7.2 Contribution of Harmonic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142# Z" T' K8 C% m# i; K
16.8 Power Components in Park Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
8 d# U# W z- [ 16.8.1 Contribution of Fundamental Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
) c0 r! x U% l' j# t: @ 16.8.2 Contribution of Harmonic Components; F# W) l1 y! h R3 Z4 I4 b
in Park Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147- C: [9 t% ?6 b5 m( d6 {
16.9 CMS Equations for Power Distortion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
% j5 j* O5 j: s9 h 16.9.1 Active Power Distortion Factor in Phase R. . . . . . . . . . . . . 149. O$ ]- h% E8 k R5 B
16.9.2 Reactive Power Distortion Factor in Phase R . . . . . . . . . . . 149! I9 ]9 D+ H4 f& p3 [ M
16.9.3 Apparent Power Distortion Factor in Phase R . . . . . . . . . . 149) y1 ^, p7 X* |! f! B
16.9.4 Active Power Distortion Factor in Clarke Plane. . . . . . . . . 150
% n% K8 Q; |# i$ K7 |7 K& @" }$ W 16.9.5 Reactive Power Distortion Factor in Clarke Plane . . . . . . . 150
# {, b" X5 w. d; } 16.9.6 Active Power Distortion Factor in Park Plane . . . . . . . . . . 150
& f. w- G4 N; O' }8 u 16.9.7 Reactive Power Distortion Factor in Park Plane . . . . . . . . 150 U; T/ t$ q& E% O* J
16.10 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
8 C: G: w7 g9 N2 w/ l8 Q References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151xiv Contents k4 w- y( z$ J; u" U4 i
17 Transients Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
* b* ], m* d; c* i) r0 R 17.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1539 `* X: u* @' V) l
17.2 Sub-band Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
1 Q! ?1 F6 F$ W% \ 17.3 Model Based Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154; H" i: N" m& D3 j
17.4 ESPRIT Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1558 c" B- J7 H% x6 f) x0 N+ z
17.5 Suitability of ESPRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155/ v# a# h9 T7 J( v
17.6 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156: l$ O) W9 {% ]) j* B# X/ w( `: c
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 p' c: b( w) r6 Y
18 Passivity and Activity Based Models of Polyphase System . . . . . . . . . . . 159
$ M- e- Q2 J+ L7 u* Q 18.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
& h0 y1 G/ J/ h 18.2 Passivity Based Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
7 L7 L/ M8 X# G 18.2.1 Mathematical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
$ X, @, L/ w2 K0 P" q7 J 18.2.2 Equivalent Circuit of Passive Model of a Polyphase
' W$ Z) h7 [7 _6 t: s0 |6 N1 r o System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161# c& W5 k, T4 e i( W
18.2.3 Layer Based Representation of Passive Impedances . . . . . 162
# `. k3 ~+ `: v9 L& [7 |; [8 ` 18.2.4 Limitation of Passive Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1631 i& K' i3 M: [+ C4 i
18.3 CMS Activity Based Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
. I) c% V- S+ r, P) O 18.3.1 Mathematical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
% Y3 U- x3 p$ L 18.3.2 Equivalent Circuit of Active Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
4 m, T1 L$ m8 p+ i0 s0 Z9 r1 g0 ]& K 18.3.3 Layer Based Representation of Active Model . . . . . . . . . . 165
4 _/ c7 E7 \8 n0 \ 18.4 Mutual Interaction of Voltage and Current of Different) U/ p' a( X3 @7 M& `$ H" t
Frequencies in Park Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
3 E1 t- n# N3 P1 i0 \5 y) f3 d 18.5 Active Model of a System having Harmonics up to Third Order:5 T' S+ Z& p I- `
A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
# Y( z/ f" d6 d2 o4 e 18.6 Nature of Active Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
* m. ~6 j! g8 N1 q, X& G. k# Y) ] 18.7 Case Study of Active Model on Poly-phase Induction Machine . . 170
$ S, s `- Y3 Q- z 18.8 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175+ H: K4 W0 H. D+ E- q- A
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175* d2 c: k4 ?3 Y$ Y' `% \: \9 D6 q
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
" q. e. K+ y% r2 }) w1 N8 ?/ b
Electric Power Quality_Spinger.rar
(1.19 MB, 下载次数: 0)
楼主热帖