|
|
楼主 |
发表于 2008-1-19 12:33:35
|
显示全部楼层
论文摘要
4.2 ADDITIONAL POWER SWING DETECTION METHODS2 R2 j# Y N5 b
4.2.1 Continuous Impedance Calculation: w, G" n3 E1 ^
This method determines a power swing condition based on a continuous impedance calculation.0 O" J. U7 {* h+ u; h
Continuous here means, for example, that for each 5 ms step an impedance calculation is" D J, A3 t9 d
performed and compared with the impedance calculation of the previous 5 ms. As soon as there is+ m& u6 a' v* W9 A& c
a deviation, an out-of-step situation is assumed but not proven yet. The next impedance that
5 I6 Z' Z: m H& ?- e# E+ Q: @should be calculated 5 ms later is predicted based on the impedance difference of the previous" t" n5 ~9 d0 Y- f1 N0 O# A
measured impedances. If the prediction is correct, then it is proven that this is traveling impedance.
) s5 \% E3 e% j* B% t3 U3 {In this situation a power swing condition is detected. For security reasons additional predictive6 ?! P! V% F: s( i
calculations may be required. L0 V9 ?& I. w1 ]0 ^) ?- F
A delta impedance setting is not required anymore, because the algorithm automatically considers. g" R$ O f9 e8 D+ A$ m, n
any delta impedance that is measured between two consecutive calculations and sets the delta3 T3 P' L, g" K }5 @$ n
impedance for the next calculation automatically in relation to the previous calculation. This leads
R( D. _# e. m/ r4 |, `. c9 oto a dynamic calculation of the delta impedance and an automatic adaptation to the change of the1 F+ u) [: J; F6 z- G% k
power swing impedance. Also the delta time setting is not required anymore because it is+ r ^% ~% }0 f/ l8 m+ H' U
determined by the calculation cycles of the algorithm.
0 f2 j* A' t2 i" m0 UR0 R3 S0 R$ {& i. k9 o% [- G
X$ F+ `9 l; _" }1 I, Y- i% z" G
Stable power swing
8 b" q! k* K" timpedance trajectory: T9 n6 J1 Q( L
DZ1 DZ2 DZ3
+ Q' u0 ^: s h) T2 zLoad# j% W0 b0 W2 |
Figure 7 Power swing detection with continuous impedance calculation
6 M# s' S& ^* ^+ N: [" T3 K( QAs long as the changing impedance vector is not approaching a tripping zone faster than the relay( @" j9 X- E$ m
can confirm the out-of-step condition (at least 3 calculations 10 ms) the detection will be successful." x3 x. C( F9 E p- e# B3 g; e4 [
POWER SWING AND OUT-OF-STEP CONSIDERATIONS ON TRANSMISSION LINES
8 d3 s0 m3 c4 mIEEE PSRC WG D6
2 k4 n3 u0 S E- t17 / 59 2005-07-19
/ L. r* t% ]) v3 |6 C9 i+ _4.2.2 Swing-Center Voltage and its Rate of Change
, S- j7 v' I Q2 ~: O6 l: `Swing-center voltage (SCV) is defined as the voltage at the location of a two-source equivalent R. i& f: j3 X" g1 B% t
system where the voltage value is zero when the angles between the two sources are 180 degrees
7 l. N9 _2 [7 Z" j5 Sapart. When a two-source system loses stability and goes into an OOS situation after some4 d. J5 t1 h9 |: L( |% c
disturbance, the angle difference of the two sources, d(t), will increase as a function of time. Figure/ R* Y5 n+ u5 n) [
8 illustrates the voltage phasor diagram of a general two-source system, with the SCV shown as7 O: S$ F. g* o5 ]
the phasor from origin o to the point o'.7 @+ C7 Q% c! O3 Z5 s' F+ s
o'
, \) T S$ P) @- q0 b: ~7 n0 N) vo+ L& w: {# B; C t; T5 v5 u
o"* v. `5 _' U8 A% i& Z4 A- p
Z1S•I Z1L•I
* \9 _9 F: f3 g# ~/ |VS5 C$ Z8 }, @ q/ \) a0 a$ B
j ER2 z: r% G& J8 ~/ V l- [
d8 C" y/ L1 R3 O; ^# r0 Z7 W
SCV* U) n. S: {, `( X; \# m% A @/ g
Z1R•I
$ k4 M1 i) W% E' u& `q
8 H0 V9 ]3 T |) R% E+ RI
4 _- I& k7 \5 ^8 X: K+ H VES
+ _: `+ E9 `# J" j; M XVR
0 M. _5 R$ U' n/ sFigure 8 Voltage Phasor Diagram of a Two-Source System- i1 D! v: @1 z" |3 k3 _% t( ]# I
An approximation of the SCV can be obtained through the use of locally available quantities as
" R9 A N- f B0 }4 I$ n$ R" gfollows:
3 G) o; `! x+ S7 WSCV »| V | ×cosj S (6)( l7 u3 d! \/ D i9 F" k
Where |VS| is the magnitude of locally measured voltage, and j is the angle difference between VS
4 K' o' N3 ~- b/ N( iand the local current as shown in Figure 9. In Figure 9, we can see that Vcosj is a projection of VS
5 w; C! V1 o7 l1 L& o# qonto the axis of the current, I. For a homogeneous system with the system impedance angle, q,5 w1 A/ \1 {; {; O" H& ?( q
close to 90 degrees, Vcosj approximates well the magnitude of the swing-center voltage. For the6 p' \; ]" a2 X# C( z
purpose of power-swing detection, it is the rate of change of the SCV that provides the main9 ~6 l* ^% q$ A( O' j. s+ x c
information of system swings. Therefore, some differences in magnitude between the system SCV
F& e$ y1 h3 P0 @! I2 F4 k9 }and its local estimate have little impact in detecting power swings. Ilar [6] first introduced the
- Z. ? ]9 @' _7 R% \2 p% yquantity of Vcosj for power swing detection. |
|