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电子图书
电子图书名:
Transients In Power System
编者:
Lou van der Sluis
内容简介:
This book deals with electrical transients in the power system. Much
has been learned about transient phenomena since the early days of power
system operation. Pioneers in this field were men like Charles Proteus
Steinmetz and Oliver Heaviside who focussed on the understanding of
electrical transients in a more or less general way. They took the analytical
approach, which is restricted to linear circuits. When a circuit becomes
more complex, the application of this method becomes very laborious and
time-consuming. After the Second World War, new tools were developed
and used in studying circuit transient phenomena that were previously
avoided because of their complexity. The transient network analyser
(TNA) was exceptionally useful in studying the behaviour of a large
variety of complex linear and nonlinear circuits. The TNA was a powerful
tool for obtaining solutions to problems involving distributed constants
as well as nonlinear impedances. The use of the analogue TNA resulted
in the publication of much technical literature. In 1951, Harold Peterson
published his book ‘Transients in Power Systems’ with many examples
of TNA studies. Peterson’s book is a practical survey of the particular
phenomena (faults, sudden loss of load, switching surges, and so forth.)
that can cause transients and is based on his practical experience with
the General Electric Company in the USA. A classical book is Reinhold
Ruedenberg’s ‘Transient Performance of Power Systems,’ published in
1950 and based on his earlier work written in German. In addition,
switchgear design is closely related to electrical transient phenomena, and
books from authors such as Biermanns and Slamecka, who wrote from
their experience with the switchgear divisions of AEG and Siemens, are
a historical source for the understanding of transient phenomena and
switchgear development.
所属专业方向:
电力系统
出版社:
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Preface xi0 e3 G, o6 P* C8 _$ E" f& [
1 Basic Concepts and Simple Switching Transients 1
1 \$ K) l" T2 u% K7 y3 [6 C0 \3 i 1.1 Switching an LR Circuit 3
) H, a6 j( i) E 1.2 Switching an LC Circuit 6
9 w$ n- e& O: Y# x/ V/ p 1.3 Switching an RLC Circuit 9
9 M0 C. J6 G/ p- B, w 1.4 References for Further Reading 13
( }8 w; c5 P R- R) j 2 Transient Analysis of Three-Phase Power
! @1 a: R' K4 g! s" P3 z& ] Systems 151 m1 C1 f* a, ]5 y# [2 I
2.1 Symmetrical Components in Three-Phase Systems 16! E+ }2 _2 ]6 n8 d
2.2 Sequence Components for Unbalanced Network
% @4 I$ _& Z$ q/ b) y Impedances 17( k7 s! Z3 N* r2 \( ~& U
2.3 The Sequence Networks 204 }& n; G k1 ]/ O
2.4 The Analysis of Unsymmetrical Three-Phase Faults 220 z, z" m% s3 R/ c( ~! v6 M0 [" g
2.4.1 The Single Line-to-Ground Fault 22
/ D. e# a5 t' Q: K! p1 V 2.4.2 The Three-Phase-to-Ground Fault 24
" s. V+ U/ k- w 2.5 References for Further Reading 30+ Z$ @4 i; K' u0 W
3 Travelling Waves 31. N% P0 T$ z, j! `' E$ ?( r2 a
3.1 Velocity of Travelling Waves and Characteristic, [) k1 [ l$ ?5 g
Impedance 324 a, _/ s, w# \5 H C$ [
3.2 Energy Contents of Travelling Waves 34
( {- ~% q; N/ i* _ 3.3 Attenuation and Distortion of Electromagnetic
/ w6 L% f6 `8 h6 D Waves 36
5 M9 I8 S' B/ Q I5 S4 e 3.4 The Telegraph Equations 38* f) P+ a" R v7 @
3.4.1 The Lossless Line 406 p7 V9 J1 [# X" v! |4 v1 c
3.4.2 The Distortionless Line 425 H9 J: ^9 \4 v
3.5 Reflection and Refraction of Travelling Waves 42
' x' I5 O: T6 g$ M 3.6 Reflection of Travelling Waves against0 Z4 [( B5 V* i: m
Transformer- and Generator-Windings 45
/ _( M! b$ x% ~, a! X 3.7 The Origin of Transient Recovery Voltages 49% S! C) ^% ~; X" z
3.8 The Lattice Diagram 52
' `+ |% a( Q! U 3.9 References for Further Reading 56; m5 y# j3 |9 s$ W/ o' M6 ~
4 Circuit Breakers 57
, X9 s/ R8 A2 ]' f( N+ ? U- n/ U 4.1 The Switching Arc 58/ c# v$ E3 p2 |
4.2 Oil Circuit Breakers 63
7 U8 r$ V" {) F, E! D5 T 4.3 Air-Blast Circuit Breakers 64
. Z. \* i r2 G8 n9 y: O: T, K 4.4 SF6 Circuit Breakers 64
& k$ q. k$ V) X- m" p/ S1 ~/ g 4.5 Vacuum Circuit Breakers 66
/ Z+ H/ H$ I) [: D& @, `( h 4.6 Modelling of the Switching Arc 68
$ R/ B) R/ [/ _7 u# D% o! g& B) @ 4.7 Arc–Circuit Interaction 74: L: f# G1 q& O# V
4.8 References for Further Reading 80
& d! K6 D' z5 u- \! b1 L3 G 5 Switching Transients 83' R3 @; `; K: V3 N
5.1 Interrupting Capacitive Currents 84
8 _8 C& W1 O8 @% }$ w0 p 5.2 Capacitive Inrush Currents 919 S y1 w/ C" A) ?! z8 n
5.3 Interrupting Small Inductive Currents 934 I; p& R+ k" v; \
5.4 Transformer Inrush Currents 95
]; P$ N7 s( N& M 5.5 The Short-Line Fault 97
8 _0 t; i# A5 g7 z* w 5.6 References for Further Reading 105
+ J2 Y4 n; z3 x 6 Power System Transient Recovery Voltages 107
8 j+ ]& O+ l4 E2 j* S- X+ K 6.1 Characteristics of the Transient Recovery Voltage 1107 k& w( x' ^, Q' b4 U6 z7 I' `
6.1.1 Short-Circuit Test Duties based on IEC
# D+ Q# y+ q$ L 60056 (1987) 111
, ?: \* u. Z' Y* J 6.1.2 Short-Circuit Test Duties based on
9 o1 A% o P9 w1 \ ANSI/IEEE Standards 115
+ L5 @9 ~" p7 m. p2 r) F, x3 c0 X 6.1.3 The Harmonisation between IEC and
- f) ]0 G7 U) L ?# S* W7 D! H ANSI/IEEE Standards with Respect to
4 r, k% `. E% w Short-Circuit Test Duties 115
) p. k+ |! ]1 [. P8 ? 6.2 The Transient Recovery Voltage for Different
9 ?0 }6 E. }6 B1 [ Types of Faults 116/ H$ r% W! Y0 [0 w w y1 D
6.3 References 119. t$ m$ A" {* O4 @) ~4 y
7 Lightning-Induced Transients 121
7 ^( @/ w: {* X9 ?7 f) O 7.1 The Mechanism of Lightning 122
8 t- k* G* s0 m" E! Y 7.2 Waveshape of the Lightning Current 124
' g& N2 ~; S0 ^* h0 ^) q 7.3 Direct Lightning Stroke to Transmission Line% J$ v7 y+ ]8 ^$ X0 D% p5 e
Towers 125
. W' T7 l$ m- j 7.4 Direct Lightning Stroke to a Line 127% T+ Z& C. t- v4 S6 D
7.5 References for Further Reading 134
7 e5 G- \! O5 {# R0 T0 o" O5 S. L 8 Numerical Simulation of Electrical Transients 1351 _5 p3 j; `* R8 V
8.1 The Electromagnetic Transient Program 137
& a, c1 R* J& B* l/ {9 z 8.2 The MNA Program 142: p. |8 N/ x% p9 ^8 A
8.3 The Xtrans Program 1454 j. R+ h% N. D9 C& u
8.4 The MATLAB Power System Blockset 1529 v: C7 ]% U! V" k: g! V
8.5 References for Further Reading 156% Q+ s6 D& M( w8 B* s
9 Insulation Coordination, Standardisation Bodies,1 F m+ j. V" G% z' p! Z
and Standards 159
" w/ I2 Y( _, j$ d$ g7 J" D 9.1 The International Electrotechnical
$ v% _0 f0 J) {% ~ Commission – IEC 160
" ^3 Y$ q* z+ a; E* j 9.2 The American National Standards Institute – ANSI 162
/ |6 B8 y+ {. [8 p9 V6 ]0 ] 9.3 The Conf´erence Internationale des Grands R´eseaux4 k) s# U3 j3 M/ n- C4 ~; \" O. j6 Z
Electriques `a Haute Tension – CIGRE´ 162
' N$ K& Q4 ]6 M0 V7 Q) p 9.4 The Short-Circuit Testing Liaison – STL 163
: j7 t& t! K1 g' K, P# ? 9.5 Standards Related to High-Voltage Electrical
- \4 Z) I) p5 s% J8 I. H5 v1 r- w2 ^ Power Equipment 164
. w0 {% K& X3 C. K# ?3 v3 H8 G 9.6 References for Further Reading 168
, {" n& B' ~* K/ _ 10 Testing of Circuit Breakers 169
& s) y6 u0 I+ C5 h7 y% k 10.1 The High-Power Laboratory 1707 ?1 |$ m; p4 S9 _# I
10.2 The Historical Development of Circuit Breaker
! Z/ m( P1 @2 K; u Y Testing 172
. O) U( K9 t) Q3 W8 B 10.3 Direct Test Circuits 174
2 |" e1 H; e, U7 V 10.4 Synthetic Test Circuits 180
) k% b, \/ B; j% j6 H% C. w$ b 10.5 Short-Line Fault Testing 186' h( {* X/ p- A6 i$ Z& X$ t; r
10.6 Measuring Transient Currents and Voltages 189
: g- n. w% Y) p& z9 N) c7 _ 10.6.1 Transducers for Current Measurements 191
8 W$ E% q/ G( M* i; K d 10.6.2 Transducers for Voltage Measurements 196
" k) {* \; C+ ], e 10.7 Measurement Setup for Transient Voltage and* c% X+ x* V( s$ y
Current Measurements 199
, X# h- K. I4 Y! |2 d 10.8 References for Further Reading 203
w5 j( k8 e9 {% `/ N+ ` Index 205
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