TA的每日心情 | 开心
2018-1-19 01:01 |
|---|
签到天数: 1 天 连续签到: 1 天 [LV.1]初来乍到 累计签到：1 天
连续签到：1 天
|
电子图书
| 电子图书名: |
Flexible Power Transmission - The HVDC Options |
| 编者: |
J. Arrillaga,Y.H. Liu,N.R. Watson |
| 内容简介: |
高压直流输电原理及多电平换流器技术。 |
| 所属专业方向: |
电力系统及其自动化 |
| 出版社: |
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
| 来源: |
|
马上加入，结交更多好友，共享更多资料，让你轻松玩转电力研学社区！
您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看，没有账号？立即加入
×
Flexible Power Transmission - The HVDC Options.part1.rar
(4.98 MB, 下载次数: 9)
Flexible Power Transmission - The HVDC Options.part2.rar
(2.09 MB, 下载次数: 10)
Z& w8 K, V8 V# z$ T目录如下, }, D1 A3 f# q) S8 N/ u/ {- H) M
Contents3 Y% r: e0 V" w; ^, `
Preface xi
W% G! B* R6 {" @; D( |; n) ~1 Introduction 1
% B7 S9 b, M7 v2 H: e1.1 The Conventional Power Grid 1. H& K1 R% b. l! M. [7 f. R
1.1.1 Power Transfer Mechanism 18 _" T3 e( J- n$ `5 |8 `+ V
1.2 Towards a More Flexible Power Grid 54 U: o2 [, i3 z
1.2.1 Power Electronics Control 5. D# `. m- V3 l, X
1.3 HVDC Transmission 8- H8 ?4 J4 B. G" H [$ f
1.3.1 Thyristor-Based CSC Transmission 10$ V6 ^+ R5 N) C% f3 Z
1.3.2 VSC Transmission Based on the Integrated Gate Bipolar
, C j# z, d* _# b+ e0 m6 DTransistor (IGBT) 11
( z' p7 d. P! v9 ~* n. B1.3.3 Multi-terminal HVDC 121 ]# _* o8 i- }! m5 O) }
1.3.4 The Flexibility Concept Applied to HVDC 13$ [+ ?) t5 A& w2 ~3 g
1.4 Relative Power Carrying Capability of AC and DC Transmission Lines 139 i3 B, N' x% N7 c
1.5 The Impact of Distributed Generation 16
% B+ F$ k9 ~% i1 n6 j' L1.6 The Effect of Electricity Deregulation 16+ u0 v% ?8 y1 g
1.7 Discussion 18* `4 _: s' P8 ^" J4 O
References 19/ y/ @- Y* G) W9 \4 w( p5 x
2 Semiconductor Power Devices 21
E8 P7 D! g+ U2.1 Introduction 21
, l/ K% j; O4 f# r; q; V z5 A2.2 Semiconductor Principles 21
' F' ?- A- a! C$ F/ M# D2.3 Power Semiconductor Elements 22: u: _: ^& \" ]* }: o( p$ @
2.3.1 The pn Rectifier 22
8 u# p) [( o) f/ ^4 k2.3.2 The Transistor 25
% @. b* `" e4 i$ N( J2.3.3 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect8 @2 E) }0 }) A" |+ f
Transistor 25
' P/ @7 n, A% O7 Z- w/ S* k2.4 Dynamic Stresses on Power Switches 27' ^4 k* | o4 ?/ M9 f
2.4.1 Rate of Change of Voltage dv/dt 27
" E* G/ q0 ^. q, {6 i4 Z' H2.4.2 Rate of Change of Current di/dt 28
3 K9 r' z& G% {5 ]2.4.3 Balancing Problems in Series Chains 28vi CONTENTS
* I, s% J- X* g1 \2.5 Other Switching Issues 29
+ }: U6 W& d1 M2 x2.5.1 Switching Frequency 29
' b+ }' H1 L/ V( x# ?( x& x2.5.2 Switching Losses 29& y+ a9 h3 B) P- m( c( w8 [
2.5.3 Soft Switching 297 g0 B8 Y1 L. j5 T3 _$ _! y
2.5.4 Use of Snubbers 30' s. `* j' Q2 u9 E M) ]+ `4 d
2.6 Thyristor-Type Power Switches 31* n' h) P9 m/ A" C1 J; |7 u
2.6.1 The Thyristor 31
2 P- T' U& X* O! i2.6.2 Gate Turn-Off Thyristor 36
, d3 m& k$ v7 _4 l: A2.6.3 Insulated Gate-Commutated Thyristor 41
0 B; H3 T; l+ B0 |8 a7 Z2.6.4 MOS Turn-Off Thyristor 42
$ h. f h0 `3 L$ B* Z) |2.6.5 MOS Controlled Thyristor 44# B2 H( t' t2 E& v* v$ a( F7 P
2.6.6 Emitter Turn-Off Thyristor 45
+ T% w3 O8 R: T2 G; Y8 y2 g2.7 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor 47- k) J+ n( e X8 E0 b# ^; F, ^" h
2.7.1 IGBT (Series) Chains 49
8 f/ }+ C. c* p9 q! r2.8 Diodes 518 w; g; D5 s7 e2 j1 M3 q
2.9 Prognostic Assessment 53 X' E# ^* {8 W1 B. b1 I$ |( R
2.9.1 Ratings and Applicability 53
* R4 x1 ~- e. [2 K2.9.2 Relative Losses 55/ F3 p+ R. c9 \4 b
References 56
0 ]5 k/ ]5 w) V$ A4 t) W3 Line-Commutated HVDC Conversion 57
) M) k6 U& C# n3.1 Introduction 57" e& t7 T* Z2 I6 I/ u
3.2 Three-Phase AC–DC Conversion 57
8 c* U- ]% ^7 Q; g3.2.1 Basic CSC Operating Principles 58
6 A" f7 `* u$ m" U- J3.2.2 Effect of Delaying the Firing Instant 58
! M3 z# b! z4 x6 ?9 S8 H3.3 The Commutation Process 625 W0 Z) Q& s7 `- G$ n3 u4 V
3.3.1 Analysis of the Commutation Circuit 62: {( F3 ]- @& @1 z
3.4 Rectifier Operation 64: O$ b( w7 [3 y8 c
3.5 Inverter Operation 67
. o; U8 Z; w9 `# E$ |3.6 Power Factor and Reactive Power 695 }% L& P0 r" V" }( i& R( }
3.7 Characteristic Harmonics 71
7 p& b. B O' Z* S9 k3.7.1 DC Side Harmonics 72& F1 P* S1 s1 [# X E; p: {* C9 ~
3.7.2 AC Side Harmonics 73
7 t6 P* E' L1 l) l1 v$ k, p3.8 Multi-Pulse Conversion 74
% g7 t. X) d' K {5 t9 I3.8.1 Transformer Phase Shifting 74* |% d% [- R+ x, T
3.8.2 DC Ripple Reinjection 77' E- g, u* I9 ]4 D
3.9 Uncharacteristic Harmonics and Interharmonics 81* x1 ]0 N* J, C
3.9.1 Imperfect AC Source 83& a2 F$ @% `0 u/ X$ k% B2 N
3.9.2 DC Modulation 87
; Q, s* v; Y1 n* `% ]/ T# M1 o& A3.9.3 Control System Imperfections 88
% {8 c# r- g$ i2 w/ L4 p1 s3.9.4 Firing Asymmetry 88
6 N( W I- v$ C( ] f3.9.5 Magnification of Low-Order Harmonics 895 L- h/ E4 b% d- x
3.10 Harmonic Reduction by Filters 90% v2 Z9 W! T2 p8 z( O# W
3.10.1 AC Side Filters 90
y3 T( I4 V2 z6 j3.10.2 DC Side Filters 92CONTENTS vii
% ~; A8 a$ L8 h, x! x/ ^. y( s3.11 Frequency Cross-Modulation Across the LCC 93# v- |% n" r0 X$ `( r3 M7 n! c
3.12 Summary 94/ i! n9 \% c4 I" v& J
References 94! h" W. X( A$ ]7 m0 @+ g
4 Self-Commutating Conversion 97
2 g8 i* R9 ~4 h. n7 E1 Y0 s0 Y5 \4 q2 I4.1 Introduction 974 g0 I0 _& E0 j/ E' O' \" ?4 w$ B
4.2 Voltage Source Conversion 97
2 z$ K5 C7 ?. k8 h/ S: o4.2.1 VSC Operating Principles 97. N( _# L8 `. F$ s; x1 _* w* W
4.2.2 Converter Components 102
9 O6 l% [& [0 G/ V. [4.2.3 The Three-Phase VSC 105. V8 D4 @ C4 T5 B8 c
4.3 Comparison of LCC and VSC 114
" A' ?* r) |/ ^: E% D( S( [4.4 Current Source Conversion 1145 a3 x; w4 g6 H- ^5 o3 a! O
4.4.1 Analysis of the CSC Waveforms 116/ v6 ]( Y' t. @
4.5 The Reinjection Concept with Self-Commutation 116
+ N1 o0 a- y+ B! Y4.5.1 Application to VSC 116
# Z1 _ @- z! p+ \; `. V4.5.2 Application to CSC 121
# z9 L- u2 N+ {$ u5 u+ J4.6 Discussion 124% u- X: _' l# F' X& ]% t- U
References 1250 k8 h/ d# b% n* M
5 Pulse Width Modulation 127- Q# G: c" _5 W) p
5.1 Introduction 127
1 @3 y3 G8 G% t; K' I* ^, {5.2 PWM Operating Principles 127
, H. O& I/ L- C+ X( t) r5.3 Selective Harmonic Cancellation 128 N3 S f: E' P( o( r0 R$ A( ?
5.4 Sinusoidal (Carrier-Based) PWM 131+ e2 L6 m. v& i ^( f
5.5 PWM Carrier-Based Implementation 133
' Y: Q2 \9 u, ~5.5.1 Naturally Sampled PWM 1341 p$ A$ p2 E+ E, B
5.5.2 Uniformly Sampled 136! c' \1 b0 w3 D+ h( J7 @, G; J
5.6 Modulation in Multi-Bridge Converters 137
' u6 }, I1 x$ @, V4 R0 h5.7 Summary 138
' C( y9 H! U( d$ M( }# hReferences 140
1 S, R) |4 U; _6 Multi-Level Conversion 141
( O) w' j! x* c/ B h" x3 [+ ?6.1 Introduction 141
% r4 z4 u6 C3 @9 d6 m8 a6.2 Diode Clamping 142
C$ z* X/ Y8 Z2 I/ ]- ^6.2.1 Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped VSC 142; F" l4 g: g$ ~8 u. b" ^
6.2.2 Five-Level Diode-Clamped VSC 145+ a' }9 s7 g, \0 @3 M: p
6.2.3 Diode Clamping Generalisation 149
1 x+ x' a" g! I9 A/ e6.3 Flying Capacitor Configuration 154
$ z* Y# c- K( V6.3.1 Three-Level Flying Capacitor 154. x4 M4 R& g) S0 T0 J
6.3.2 Multi-Level Flying Capacitor 1552 o }( c% a& B) U& s
6.4 Cascaded H-Bridge Configuration 158- k7 `% m* r0 ~) n
6.5 Combined PWM/Multi-Level Conversion 161; q$ F( i. v+ H8 G
6.6 Relative Merits of the Multi-Level Alternatives 164 a* L" M' X1 ?% F
6.6.1 A Cost Comparison of Alternative Configurations for
$ x4 R0 B4 q1 B" s% m: E! q6 z% sUse in HVDC 165
% b' i p/ ? fReferences 167viii CONTENTS
( f1 o4 S0 {3 I2 ]5 Q7 Multi-Level DC Reinjection 1698 @" D0 ~$ S7 r, m' g3 w
7.1 Introduction 169
6 \/ ?8 R ~0 ?. Z( G4 {0 c7.2 Soft Switching in Multi-Level Reinjection Converters 170
" r& {; I% q5 R+ u( a7.3 Clamp-Controlled MLVR 170: l$ W" v0 ` i& ^) Y
7.3.1 Firing Coordination 174
9 N1 O2 z4 K& W8 W( o' k$ R4 h7.3.2 Analysis of the Voltage Waveforms 176) F2 k6 I/ z8 l5 n( u
7.3.3 Analysis of the Output Current 178+ K" _" n( U" ~: {; s
7.3.4 Capacitor Voltage Balancing 179
" E- H8 {& S; F9 {; U f7.3.5 Dynamic Performance 1856 D0 w/ h. y9 K9 N: }
7.4 Transformer-Coupled MLVR 187
8 m; e) X; T1 S7.5 Cascaded H-Bridge MLVR 193
, p- d* c2 T" D9 d6 q7.5.1 Basic Structure and Waveforms 193
0 M4 H& a1 W2 Z7.5.2 Switching Pattern of the Reinjection Bridges 196
. {4 m; H' L0 f. D7.5.3 Design of the Cascaded H-Bridge Chain 197; R/ b& S! Y4 H1 E6 j8 g4 w
7.5.4 Capacitors’ Balancing 199' |0 [. b+ `8 B
7.5.5 STATCOM Application 204
6 w* `0 r5 B* O( K2 n4 K7.6 Summary of Main Characteristics of MLVR Alternatives 2090 u/ t6 h) e8 m3 {- q2 E& V
7.7 Multi-Level Current Reinjection (MLCR) 210
- e# c P2 ^- ?7.7.1 Structure and Operating Principles 210$ Q) B( U0 l$ w! V' \8 I2 g
7.7.2 Self-Commutating Thyristor Conversion 2139 S8 | t/ n+ b8 h0 W" I3 V: V z
7.7.3 EMTDC Verification 2160 O+ V1 `$ t" h( w6 W# ]
7.8 MLCR-CSC Versus MLVR-VSC 221
2 D8 ?, _( z- Y1 O9 d) uReferences 222& [8 E, j; U4 q* b! j# z/ n! E0 x
8 Line-Commutated CSC Transmission 225" K8 S9 k- c" O* T: f& y! W
8.1 Introduction 2259 G( U7 W- A, M5 |# p* l6 [( ?
8.2 The Line-Commutated HVDC Converter 226
- P* U8 M# T- g+ V" x8.3 HVDC Converter Disturbances 232
: w5 A5 N M1 o2 Z8.4 Structure of the HVDC Link 2330 c( L; p/ u2 Z3 ~
8.5 DC System Configurations 239
" `+ p' l8 x) v; P6 J/ Z2 y8.6 DC System Control and Operation 242
. j. ? p3 G& [9 V) m' ?7 `8.6.1 General Philosophy 242
+ R9 v# D* U& x# `8.6.2 Different Control Levels 243
z& X$ }! e' a6 H7 h/ g4 `. @8.6.3 Overall Control Coordination 243( }# e% P1 V) g
8.6.4 Pole Controls 2456 N+ N! J3 H, Y' N. ]' a
8.6.5 Converter Unit Controls 253
+ U+ C: `# O* u1 B2 n- o6 |8.7 AC–DC System Interaction 257* P/ Z5 n2 L- Y4 e Y
8.7.1 Voltage Interaction 257" p3 _: g4 c* v8 k$ _0 Y' X* F
8.7.2 Dynamic Voltage Regulation 258
! N P+ {0 `3 e v1 {0 O. U8.7.3 Dynamic Stabilisation of AC Systems 259+ g4 d, H, X3 x2 \/ F" p
8.7.4 Controlled Damping of DC-Interconnected8 H3 G: i2 a2 R5 w
Systems 2606 m/ ^; D* C2 C( X, }5 F! |5 w
8.7.5 Damping of Sub-Synchronous Resonances 260
5 b+ q# J8 x5 @8.7.6 Active and Reactive Power Coordination 261
$ G+ E4 U! l/ e" \; D0 I5 _8 i8.7.7 Transient Stabilisation of AC Systems 2615 x3 U! E8 x+ F# J# q5 f& @0 S
8.8 AC–DC–AC Frequency Interactions 262
5 g8 {0 ~, }* ?3 B2 {$ F$ @8.8.1 Harmonic Cross-Modulation Across the DC Link 262 K0 d0 t, l. @, ~
8.8.2 Complementary and Composite Resonances 265CONTENTS ix
* O+ z7 q& ?7 f5 z8.9 DC Link Response to External Disturbances 266% {6 y+ C9 k- l7 S4 N4 ~4 I# I
8.9.1 Response to AC System Faults 266" ? L1 k0 x: H; m9 g3 e4 R
8.9.2 Response to DC Line Faults 2670 Y! n( r* V& G9 l; s5 x: ]3 q
8.10 Reliability of LCC Transmission 267
- E- |% Z9 ^5 s" T8.11 Concluding Statements 273
$ ~% w, O3 g- x( }5 j+ fReferences 273
7 ]) p) _% c! [; d' x& ?/ s: G# s9 Developments in Line-Commutated HVDC Schemes 275
, r* [2 `4 [: V6 U! A9.1 Introduction 2750 c7 Y+ J# [8 U+ s4 m" s6 Y& ^8 X* b
9.2 Capacitor Commutated Conversion 276, J* X: D& U8 K# z9 y& h7 o
9.2.1 Basic CCC Operation 277
* }. [6 k" G) I4 w3 C9.2.2 Simulated Performance 277/ b% @4 m L* p2 ?, [* k% ?
9.3 Continuously Tuned AC Filters 280+ @) R5 p" p' P% z C! ?' \; V
9.4 Active DC Side Filters 281
2 y8 b$ N: g6 j+ k! n5 L/ J" S9.5 STATCOM-Aided DC Transmission 282
+ h1 m+ z( |) `/ Z4 r2 O9.6 AC Transmission Lines Converted for Use with HVDC 286$ K3 a4 c8 _2 G& N" {7 ?
9.6.1 Modulated (Tripole) DC Transmission 287
& j& M$ G# m/ p9.7 HVDC Transmission at Voltages above 600 kV 288
0 o7 \ M4 f: w' ^4 `1 q9.8 Concluding Statements 289
% S# U' g5 [8 [2 _1 D5 T/ n: hReferences 289
2 c$ F/ f7 ^" r7 `* c- a0 o10 VSC Transmission 291. o0 ^! h+ p2 N. X3 e9 b
10.1 Introduction 291" ^2 V/ Z# `0 C# E( Z$ n' r
10.2 Power Transfer Characteristics 2922 D; Y/ B2 Q2 s# m* @
10.2.1 Current Relationships 294
8 Z; A& `! l3 t- N! X* s4 `10.3 Structure of the VSC Link 296
. ^6 Q ^0 }$ O. n# o10.3.1 VSC-HVDC Cable Technology 297# s9 A' r1 \0 h
10.4 VSC DC System Control 299$ @9 Q! l) F8 j
10.4.1 General Philosophy 299
" ]9 R8 d' k' ^& l: n10.4.2 Different Control Levels 302
9 |, D3 ?: B. ]! b+ ^! V8 t% k10.4.3 DC Link Control Coordination 3039 f* ~) ?; N3 t1 {
10.4.4 Control Capability of VSC Transmission 304, P. f$ O. ?: s3 _/ E# K+ R
10.4.5 Assistance During Grid Restoration 305
$ r- v3 g8 p& \1 `10.5 HVDC Light Technology 306
% K) h. }! R8 `4 c) v" v10.5.1 Two-Level PWM Schemes 308! e6 O- b0 R5 t- W6 Z' A, W2 G
10.5.2 Three-Level PWM Schemes 312
5 r+ |' C9 w* Z10.5.3 HVDC Light Performance 3140 {5 F3 `2 z( L, Y# U H
10.6 Other VSC Projects 321
" g: o4 }$ L' T) K- N' W10.7 Potential for Multi-Terminal Sub-Transmission Systems 323
8 Z5 { e0 @( K& `1 V10.8 Discussion 324) Q# f) }9 Y# |0 J# U
References 326
7 F+ X- o7 n! {11 Multi-Level VSC and CSC Transmission 327
) j7 A& D7 p5 l" B ]11.1 Introduction 3278 O( g" S8 j2 O2 g# z7 w2 {
11.2 Multi-Level VSC Transmission 328
+ w: M! r- L% c3 l" ]11.2.1 Power Flow Considerations 328- _' ?1 f, b# T6 ~% ]" K0 M
11.2.2 DC Link Control Characteristics 331x CONTENTS
6 V% a2 i6 B [8 ^4 Z11.2.3 Test System and Simulation Results 332. Z H5 Y9 w' m3 a( s: P
11.2.4 Provision of Independent Reactive Power Control 3370 }$ Y# H5 Q1 y
11.3 Multi-Level CSC Transmission 3417 S- e; O* U4 S/ m! |5 p% B
11.3.1 Dynamic Model 343
' K& f3 b! o* a4 ~: I2 [11.3.2 Control Structure 344# W# ^( `# d% B1 G; c4 Q- n
11.3.3 Simulated Performance under Normal Operating Conditions 345
: v& S; Z& u1 K11.3.4 Simulated Performance Following Disturbances 348
& n6 J4 j+ _1 m' V11.3.5 Reactive Power Control in Multi-Level CSC Transmission 3528 x4 ?* K Y; x; M, B/ {
11.4 Summary 356
/ J% z- Q7 M# V$ r* r: }, Z* rReferences 357
5 p8 D W, _" V- @4 MIndex 359 |
|
赣公网安备36040302000210号 )|网站地图
狗仔卡
发表于 2010-8-25 19:57:44
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡