Preface 3 K# q4 c" N1 b& c% I# s1 J7 p Y4 `( [. s' ]+ |) U
Prior to the 1970s, the U.S. electric power industry was technology driven. 3 v! S* B; K+ c% O
Engineers were trained to focus on specific technologies and work in spe- : f5 Q. m0 D! Q6 h, N
cialized areas. However, dramatic changes began taking place in the 1970s, % O3 O6 f6 l. h5 m% T' T
and an “energy crisis” ushered in a new era of tighter regulation. ; d2 \$ f$ d0 u" p8 S4 `6 Q7 R' {3 S By the early 1990s, two decades of intense regulation were replaced by $ z/ f2 A% U& U+ }5 d& {
a new policy of promoting open access and competition. The Energy Policy 6 x: o# p& ~" U* b6 UAct of 1992, followed by several significant Notices of Proposed Rulemakings : X0 c" V, i4 E8 w3 z6 r4 o1 G8 }
and Orders from the U.S. Federal Energy Commission, required utilities to 3 ~. j; _/ r7 W, i- D: r. ucompete for markets that were previously guaranteed. As a consequence, 0 J& @9 D6 i8 s+ _, B7 ^
there were many mergers and acquisitions. Marketers with little or no power . }! a9 E1 Y- k( [5 g, f4 \
industry experience moved into positions of influence. Engineering organi- % E. e2 \7 t6 |$ k/ \
zations were downsized, and the engineers who were left behind had to find 2 [0 b* Q9 \, h3 z; y. q. d1 L
ways to prevent power systems from becoming less reliable. " K7 O! l( E. V+ B: s7 I+ o
Today the transition in industry structure is nearly complete. The U.S. ; B, Q9 a% ?& _9 j" Felectric power industry is no longer technology driven. It is public policy ' i7 ?9 d" ` z. Mand market driven. Just as utility companies have to change to survive in 8 z, | H! J3 y" n: M; c% A
the new competitive environment, engineers who choose to work in the , a& R- j. ]+ S+ r& M5 O2 Qindustry must learn a new set of skills and accommodate new disciplines. , _9 E) }% b( d) v
This book is intended to help educate new engineers for the new business , M6 G% f7 Z- E5 genvironment. We explain how new methods for power systems operations 4 \- \5 A7 ]% C7 |and energy marketing relate to public policy, regulation, economics, and : a- k( [! a1 ^$ g/ ^( ?
engineering science. This book can serve as a textbook for an undergraduate ( _$ U2 E* d' W% k
elective course for engineering students. Alternatively, it can be used for the 6 R4 n% E) z8 p2 L) T
continuing education of industrial power engineers and energy industry 3 \3 J3 o: z0 ~ Q
employees. / H; _+ d' {/ l. y & S" W9 h: t2 q3 S(C) 2002 by CRC Press LLC
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