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Preface xiChapter 1. Introduction 1
! Q0 e/ O8 h% M6 xBackground 1+ y# _# j) \$ q/ m& p( h+ Z
Ideal Voltage Waveform 2$ t0 A# S# I- q" G% K4 o7 H! E
Nonlinear Load: The Rectifier 3/ R- ?9 Q+ S" ]
The Definition of Power Quality 6
- e+ y+ P9 h; s P9 mExamples of poor power quality 7/ D" ]7 A$ `$ D# K" J M
The need for corrections 9) r8 _1 i1 z* e: T
The Scope of This Text 9, a$ d+ Z! J9 D" [
Comment on References 11
- c. \& w1 U7 f+ c3 ]References 12
% v- J w4 v- N2 [1 eChapter 2. Power-Quality Standards 15 H! R" `3 n" ~1 Z# }
IEEE Standards 519 and 1159 159 t# Z; ?7 F2 t
ANSI Standard C84 17
! ^( V# I2 m$ ^8 R, k; |! NCBEMA and ITIC Curves 18$ M. i; s8 V6 a
High-Frequency EMI Standards 20+ T! x6 W w0 u$ M* Y2 Z
Summary 23
e2 p& e6 J2 T& q: `. ?* I5 E8 RReferences 24# c& W: u+ w; x4 `% D8 `( E
Chapter 3. Voltage Distortion 25
5 ]9 o) w$ U8 b" G0 uVoltage Sag 25
) g D( A) D2 |1 O! O6 _Voltage “Swell” 30/ ]- O- B6 N* [/ L, T
Impulsive “Transient” 30" N' ^- [' P( Z6 U
Oscillatory “Transient” 337 J4 p+ p0 R4 @3 @, m, u) @
Interruption 35
9 w7 l6 L+ y9 o# n0 L) t; pNotching 35
" ^+ N' ]0 i$ r; s/ cVoltage Fluctuations and Flicker 371 Z2 ]1 k9 i& R, I3 Z4 y
Voltage Imbalance 40
& p( g. T+ C* a& X1 @& i% B- dSummary 41
' J/ X: H, p" g" P0 X# T: M. T; XReferences 42
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- i* R4 I, `' yChapter 4. Harmonics and Interharmonics 43% k' |0 w* w2 L7 y* L" M
Background 435 ]( _ n/ R) G
Periodic Waveforms and Harmonics 43
$ e; F% s) C- g+ ^+ hRoot-mean square 47% W8 _7 e! @+ `. Y, z) b3 l
DC current 495 q m1 O. H$ _ B U0 |
Pure sine wave 49" L* L/ C! P8 Q. F' H; ?- H: n( m
Square wave 49
' k" p! J7 ^4 \+ }7 C+ P; T5 x; nDC waveform + ripple 50
' F8 X( A& L% M- q- @7 q9 wTriangular ripple 50
* C% |( C% [% F' jPulsating waveform 51" a' s- B: ]# `' b7 R! z" J' m
Pulsating waveform with ripple 52/ e6 w- ]; u5 w$ f4 t, F8 `- p
Triangular waveform 52: V' h' U$ Q* u( E; l
Piecewise Calculation 52/ {* C5 _- p- H9 O3 H) a0 z% l; ?
Total Harmonic Distortion 531 a% B9 e. e0 @0 m. G! i1 I' r
Crest Factor 53$ n& v) ~$ a& }6 |! N
Summary 61
! t, o4 X4 l% t! }+ OReferences 61
( J1 ?; m& M' a0 TChapter 5. Harmonic Current Sources 63
# i$ q! x/ T& E' ^/ aBackground 63
+ b' z8 X) W( ]& X1 C3 o4 NSingle-Phase Rectifiers 64" C7 k- P% ? n; J8 M
Three-Phase Rectifiers 69- G- Y: e2 D5 q+ n7 \3 i
The six-pulse rectifier 694 n4 z- t8 ~/ h
The twelve-pulse rectifier 70$ T6 l3 E3 e# G' L; f% k- }
High-Frequency Fluorescent Ballasts 71 X" ~2 r6 Q4 J3 O" n" M- M
Transformers 72
+ ^, y' N. d4 S1 n) Q) fOther Systems that Draw Harmonic Currents 73
# O% Q& \8 c$ D9 kSummary 74" c# O0 W. S2 w( N6 ~" [; r
References 74
# w8 B M* r' ]4 |* Q( F- d) C& zChapter 6. Power Harmonic Filters 75
+ S8 B" c: E) u$ ^* u5 J9 }Introduction 750 h0 v% ^% b q5 X! _; R
A Typical Power System 76
, \$ s* c, ?5 L0 F2 l: qIEEE Std. 519-1992 78
" [+ H M9 D" i- O XLine reactor 792 b2 M$ N' p# f0 @ g
Shunt passive filter 81
2 _, k& h" u5 D% K, nMultisection filters 874 a3 y8 u# ^& z O; g
Practical Considerations in the Use of Passive Filters 95- T7 x0 J! c; X2 ~% S7 J, ]
Active harmonic filters 95
. V/ N" l4 k! Z- o! tHybrid harmonic filters 97* T" _' Q }+ F4 |4 n* ^
Summary 97
) L+ K' n/ R( e; j4 c( T9 N8 }References 98
/ C$ ^2 u2 r0 P. ^2 q7 J/ `" XChapter 7. Switch Mode Power Supplies 99
& y0 i' T" b) P$ Q4 \5 V/ \Background 99
: w5 J+ W+ y: Q+ Y- Z, l2 i6 T( A- HOffline Power Supplies 100! C' N1 q0 d+ Z1 i. Y( H! Y' e
DC/DC Converter high-frequency switching waveforms3 y. X5 n$ S- C/ r/ |+ h+ W
and interharmonic generation 1045 Y( }6 C$ S2 E5 c: R8 _' K% `
Testing for conducted EMI 106
' z, t7 ?- W/ M7 E- J, gCorrective measures for improving conducted EMI 107
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; `5 d- b! e5 f8 n% u' d& TSummary 107+ G/ J5 w3 P: _) |( z- W% j' S. Q
References 108
% j8 O% v9 K4 |7 c NChapter 8. Methods for Correction of Power-Quality4 p. B3 Y4 {* B) v( j
Problems 109
3 c! |4 b) [9 r) U2 _Introduction 109
( x" ~! z$ u/ T0 [4 uCorrection Methods 110" B0 V/ R9 S6 V' o7 w5 M
Voltage disturbances versus correction methods 111
4 m4 h9 I: Z# s: F0 gReliability 113) i1 O/ v# m/ o4 B8 x* j* o+ r
Design of load equipment 1159 Y5 g& l2 @( {, r6 f& w
The design of electric-power supply systems 117; R- m6 c3 p3 y( l
Power harmonic filters 119
6 |- u- R6 z( r* Q+ l% nUtilization-dynamic voltage compensators 119
}& Q9 |( o. \# gUninterruptible power supplies 119
* e1 L5 a0 [* l a# a2 \9 aTransformers 120+ [$ v, H, e; s; i- f# N
Standby power systems 1228 U# o* r0 G7 D5 h) I9 I i6 S
Summary 126
. L9 G6 z9 ?! vReferences 126
) K, X( X4 m/ U0 q0 J6 ZChapter 9. Uninterruptible Power Supplies 129. y5 U3 c2 j1 Q* w& o/ n, N
Introduction 129
: m7 c/ x8 ?; ZHistory 131- ?: R3 @& N' [+ A, k6 I
Types of UPS Equipment 1336 [6 k2 z2 G% K6 t* G0 P5 E
Commercial equipment 134
! h9 f4 |# B. SEnergy storage 137
$ _! }& M2 w/ D+ V" ~# yBatteries 138( @3 q/ E( p2 }* [, Q
Flywheels 139" P- V, o6 e0 ~. I v
Fuel cells 141' t5 p% k# z) f4 e
Ultracapacitors 144
# b6 t: M. j0 L% r, C/ y3 G2 [Summary 145. n3 J1 l* Q G9 _2 r) p
References 145 l: T8 q& N8 L! i Z, ?8 }
Chapter 10. Dynamic Voltage Compensators 147
: T! D, T u% Y* k9 N! {0 CIntroduction 1471 Z) g" q# b3 S2 n, V/ Y0 k. u
Principle of Operation 148
; v4 H# S1 w) l' bOperation on ITIC curve 151
9 c# ~ x" h) H+ Q: oDetection of disturbance and control 152
- U& e/ ?$ G5 XCommercial equipment 153
6 z, ]0 @/ ]( l' `' h; ]Summary 154
3 K% L( J" [' x! _References 154
* b5 l4 y! u* M+ v: MChapter 11. Power Quality Events 155' w4 Z9 }, w! k4 @% b" N6 i3 Z
Introduction 155( v4 i% c8 }7 p
Method 1 155
( `! b& n: O% F: F2 |Method 2 156
3 `/ z. c8 T3 E9 k* T. @' l8 @Personal Computers 156
4 V: R$ y) T8 i3 _" G% Z% c! EPower-quality characteristics 157# g$ w; V' n9 k9 E' b
Modes of malfunction 160
* Q" @; V3 y: z3 S1 w; @! DSensitivity to voltage sags and interruptions 160! K: E; R) d8 x. U- H' j4 H7 x
Correction measures 162
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Correction measures 164
$ A5 N6 u2 y! q" A2 @4 FAC Contactors and relays 165' t2 }, @. q2 V( K* d, N9 A
Operation 165
" j( D, O; O/ l9 e3 iThe Impact of Voltage Disturbance 168 V; W. O. }3 y/ i$ w+ [+ A: a6 L
Correction methods 169
k! J* j& p, w: s8 T; P" t4 gSummary 170" I- g2 b+ Q7 b" E( j: i d) l
References 170' O" V7 l5 x6 f) x! r
Chapter 12. Electric Motor Drive Equipment 173
8 ?5 O4 F: v/ }2 W3 cElectric Motors 173& X; @+ Z7 }2 i2 V
Induction Motors 173
! O. `8 K, d" H/ `9 ], k* I& v4 N: fOperation 174
2 _4 B- J) s% P+ ]- l' ZHazards 174
/ J+ [+ B+ i: `: ]5 P! bPhenomena 175
8 t/ @) |+ y! T' A7 n4 `Protection 176
2 T% \' }# [# C: HAdjustable Speed Drives 177
- Q& x8 D6 l! `/ {7 DApplication 178
4 s) y) ]4 v* a3 c$ y3 i' a# nVoltage disturbances 1801 }, J$ T& e. s2 E
Voltage unbalance 181
# r% @+ _5 R& AProtective measures 183
) c. L# l. Z* i$ K5 _0 g5 q. j/ zSummary 1881 i7 O# A" |+ }% {* e
References 1886 i+ }9 `( W8 |$ Y
Chapter 13. Standby Power Systems 1895 b1 v7 H6 h9 ?) ]/ h
Principles: Standby Power System Design 189% n( g- Y% r4 @
Components to Assemble Standby
+ k2 o8 E' i, v( \, XPower Systems 190
. Q# J6 t: w7 @/ z nSample Standby Power Systems 191
7 }. n( U O# i8 Q: _Engine-Generator Sets 1940 n- _& J" A* v0 u5 w& l$ m* @
Standards 195
2 O3 J- D! C7 p: |Component parts of an E/G set installation 1966 @ V: O& U" N, b8 A2 C3 B
Transfer switches 198 z3 }" g! G) K! C) o& s5 D i
Summary 200( B# b+ I6 x2 C2 ^3 }' A$ x
References 200
. d, c" J: J! n, O) x9 x2 u* DChapter 14. Power Quality Measurements 201
: @! K# h( u: V" t; zMultimeters 201
+ ^1 O4 d& r* D7 IOscilloscopes 202
6 H6 h; r" K& M6 J1 m3 ]) e, mCurrent Probes 203
" R4 ?" N( ^9 ~8 Z+ MSearch Coils 204
C B7 D+ ?) j" @' u2 XPower-Quality Meters and Analyzers 205) L d5 i# u8 `7 S( L7 ]0 s4 w
Current Transformer Analysis in Detail 205 ~% _. i% A1 e1 r
Summary 2131 h; N- M5 I/ ^% y2 M* z# H
References 213
8 K( t* R; f! G' E" p& R2 A9 ^1 JIndex 215 |
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