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Power Generation,Operation and Control (3rd)

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    发表于 2014-6-10 16:35:59 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
    电子图书
    电子图书名: Power Generation,Operation and Control (3rd)
    编者: Allen J. Wood
    内容简介: 《发电、运行与控制》第三版
    所属专业方向: 电力系统
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     楼主| 发表于 2014-6-10 16:43:43 | 显示全部楼层
    本帖最后由 chinayanlove 于 2014-6-10 16:44 编辑
    8 N) Q+ \- f. _& Z- {8 J+ [# x' A# k1 [/ d7 B
    第三版封面。
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     楼主| 发表于 2014-6-10 16:45:26 | 显示全部楼层
    第三版目录。
    & d8 ~9 [3 ?* ^/ k8 P5 `1 Introduction 1
    5 v. }! Y3 H( J- J6 G) [1.1 Purpose of the Course / 1
    0 T& h7 |2 t( ^2 Q6 f# \1.2 Course Scope / 2
    1 d7 ^% G/ b/ e+ |* l. N; G1.3 Economic Importance / 2
    8 K  W1 G  l) T# p$ Y1.4 Deregulation: Vertical to Horizontal / 3& k) L+ M: e; w6 E1 a/ X  z, f
    1.5 Problems: New and Old / 37 r$ C8 `1 O/ i
    1.6 Characteristics of Steam Units / 6
    % ?4 e3 ~3 _4 C1.6.1 Variations in Steam Unit Characteristics / 10% Q  V' Z  e; {: ], s# C% t
    1.6.2 Combined Cycle Units / 13) |2 N" K; c; `" l6 ]9 ^
    1.6.3 Cogeneration Plants / 149 x- Q3 }9 W+ s. H; F
    1.6.4 Light-Water Moderated Nuclear Reactor Units / 17
    : `$ N- Q2 b) |1.6.5 Hydroelectric Units / 18
    . i# x" R8 S" K  t1.6.6 Energy Storage / 21
    / [9 y5 l9 R+ @& D. L1.7 Renewable Energy / 227 w& T% k3 ~9 c$ C6 C" ^2 k% ^& X
    1.7.1 Wind Power / 23; d: ^$ H( I/ `- `9 I5 ^
    1.7.2 Cut-In Speed / 236 M, n6 S  N/ l" l
    1.7.3 Rated Output Power and Rated Output Wind Speed / 24
    4 B( D& |0 o* E* k0 t8 _( h1.7.4 Cut-Out Speed / 24
    2 c& E' a! Z  l4 q- Z- v) k1.7.5 Wind Turbine Efficiency or Power Coefficient / 24) {8 N1 P8 ^( o4 J' f% B
    1.7.6 Solar Power / 25! N% l8 R& E" @
    APPENDIX 1A Typical Generation Data / 267 ]! V' {8 B$ \4 |4 s9 t" Y
    APPENDIX 1B Fossil Fuel Prices / 28
    ; u+ U) i4 g4 q! X4 x) |1 E7 CAPPENDIX 1C Unit Statistics / 29
    & T8 {; H* B- V: |CONTENTS
    5 t: Q2 [( J! _# q2 Tviii contents2 U0 ?, A9 x- ^$ I# z1 O
    References for Generation Systems / 31
    ; ]5 F7 b6 \# H6 N5 o8 D' D. LFurther Reading / 31
    % j8 Y6 P0 u( {' k$ c+ F. K2 Industrial Organization, Managerial Economics, and Finance 352 j# T; w3 [& r0 n! w
    2.1 Introduction / 35& }2 _' B' l4 D
    2.2 Business Environments / 36) h% {. v1 F0 o& Y. x1 H
    2.2.1 Regulated Environment / 378 h7 }( n1 n* j/ E
    2.2.2 Competitive Market Environment / 38
    7 s+ M( I$ R; W' C2.3 Theory of the Firm / 407 w0 E& V! i& S; W
    2.4 Competitive Market Solutions / 42$ U. m- t. }2 a! H' E
    2.5 Supplier Solutions / 45* O5 G1 h0 E4 r/ C
    2.5.1 Supplier Costs / 46
    - x9 h9 F+ O/ ^  a( U" A* q2.5.2 Individual Supplier Curves / 46! y+ r6 J; Z3 ^9 V# Q/ P
    2.5.3 Competitive Environments / 47
    / J- v& \' U3 P* A* O- ~; i2.5.4 Imperfect Competition / 51
    6 V# F# G$ S( |$ J' B7 P# ?* {2.5.5 Other Factors / 52
    5 r" P+ ^) N/ }$ O8 T& ?2.6 Cost of Electric Energy Production / 53' ~; R0 A% x, h0 n: p
    2.7 Evolving Markets / 543 `$ ]4 E" |2 a
    2.7.1 Energy Flow Diagram / 57
    . D' z$ M+ [7 z& }2.8 Multiple Company Environments / 58. k& }: }1 H% i8 b
    2.8.1 Leontief Model: Input–Output Economics / 58
    9 {. t$ ^0 {& x2.8.2 Scarce Fuel Resources / 60* r* F, w' o9 _+ A, U  @6 }2 m
    2.9 Uncertainty and Reliability / 612 ?4 v) K4 t0 y' k2 {) W
    PROBLEMS / 61% B! p4 D8 i; M( ?0 |
    Reference / 623 _8 {+ X5 ?" [
    3 Economic Dispatch of Thermal Units and Methods of Solution 630 `* j1 J- |; F6 s) U
    3.1 The Economic Dispatch Problem / 636 t/ y/ j& J" j9 {- |! Y
    3.2 Economic Dispatch with Piecewise Linear Cost Functions / 688 I8 ^9 y; z8 s$ [* S9 W, W: _
    3.3 LP Method / 69- L( Z8 M% l9 l/ r1 A
    3.3.1 Piecewise Linear Cost Functions / 699 t, i& T) |. f' ^" a( W% I
    3.3.2 Economic Dispatch with LP / 71
    ) m7 O" A3 U: D/ f+ c7 m3.4 The Lambda Iteration Method / 73
    & E/ c( J# |6 B6 M7 y# ]4 a3.5 Economic Dispatch Via Binary Search / 76* f+ P* A) i+ o( n4 s( j
    3.6 Economic Dispatch Using Dynamic Programming / 78
    3 Y# d% v- g, A; Y# U. I; _: I3.7 Composite Generation Production Cost Function / 81" M7 b% H, }) Z3 f! y/ {
    3.8 Base Point and Participation Factors / 85' J8 ?' W+ O- q
    3.9 Thermal System Dispatching with Network Losses& r5 n/ r, ?# C
    Considered / 88
    4 W, \3 ~& G" G* e5 bcontents ix
    5 C3 c, V: ]2 h% u& R' H, h3.10 The Concept of Locational Marginal Price (LMP) / 92
    - _; }3 X! c% D; ?* J' e0 h3.11 Auction Mechanisms / 952 Q* y, _# M2 A* z
    3.11.1 PJM Incremental Price Auction as a
    9 X* f4 B, R. U! ^, `$ V/ d$ @- uGraphical Solution / 95
    + x) A9 U: a) H$ w3 o  W! M4 C! b7 g3.11.2 Auction Theory Introduction / 98) l6 x% f2 ~" I  I; i
    3.11.3 Auction Mechanisms / 1001 ^% t7 f0 j1 ^$ G6 T4 b6 ?
    3.11.4 English (First-Price Open-Cry = Ascending) / 101
    + P" Q, P+ ?8 n! W$ g  F3.11.5 Dutch (Descending) / 1037 d% U- d0 U# L5 n/ w
    3.11.6 First-Price Sealed Bid / 104
    ' r* v4 D; K% u3.11.7 Vickrey (Second-Price Sealed Bid) / 105
    6 p4 M7 t6 Q7 V/ X7 ]8 j+ a5 v3.11.8 All Pay (e.g., Lobbying Activity) / 105& z" ]* e8 L7 ]' Q
    APPENDIX 3A Optimization Within Constraints / 106
    : k3 A; @3 D& g( J' m/ pAPPENDIX 3B Linear Programming (LP) / 117
    / v2 r; v1 z* V8 }APPENDIX 3C Non-Linear Programming / 128
    ; F) I- {' }, t0 |0 JAPPENDIX 3D Dynamic Programming (DP) / 128$ E' U2 `( R1 c5 g$ _4 g2 f1 A
    APPENDIX 3E Convex Optimization / 135. h& x2 ^. Z$ n0 H5 A6 s
    PROBLEMS / 138
    ; z, ~* B/ g3 K8 J7 c4 wReferences / 146! s. v$ I0 F* @
    4 Unit Commitment 147
    0 S" K* {2 b3 f$ [, A" S$ W2 u! C4.1 Introduction / 1474 L" {6 j% j4 r# a+ P, o
    4.1.1 Economic Dispatch versus Unit Commitment / 147
    ! k6 g6 m# k6 H1 m0 q4 N" y4.1.2 Constraints in Unit Commitment / 1523 c: y! P$ n) x6 t: f3 J
    4.1.3 Spinning Reserve / 152$ b; b" M9 s$ ], ]% D
    4.1.4 Thermal Unit Constraints / 1530 V& `5 W2 t% O8 ^% i+ n% s! ^
    4.1.5 Other Constraints / 1556 Z2 P; J/ A; t: A0 `" c
    4.2 Unit Commitment Solution Methods / 155' j  K& P+ t5 ^% l) u$ f
    4.2.1 Priority-List Methods / 156! P7 Y2 u/ \# R$ T
    4.2.2 Lagrange Relaxation Solution / 157
    0 [5 y/ N; P4 X$ U4.2.3 Mixed Integer Linear Programming / 166  n% P0 a  Z3 k; T# r# g
    4.3 Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) / 1678 o* K" w! f6 `
    4.4 Daily Auctions Using a Unit Commitment / 167& M$ H: n" w8 f' x0 w4 }  c9 _1 G8 y
    APPENDIX 4A Dual Optimization on a Nonconvex
    7 a8 p" x- f1 i' @( ZProblem / 167
    & c% J; C3 B, w2 U7 x; lAPPENDIX 4B Dynamic-Programming Solution to, a/ K/ C( @3 Z9 W* Q9 t, O
    Unit Commitment / 1737 ^' y7 f- Y6 ^7 R' G1 t4 |
    4B.1 Introduction / 173: l% l" x; y- ~8 W7 }% v
    4B.2 Forward DP Approach / 1746 U+ {' G1 N, G3 G9 W( Y% |
    PROBLEMS / 182/ }1 \, a+ a1 J" H
    x contents) O0 n+ {) w2 i- G0 N8 _
    5 Generation with Limited Energy Supply 187
    / Q% y9 Q+ S) e, B5 x& S( g4 N- x  W$ [5.1 Introduction / 187
    5 Q0 J) E8 P+ W$ F5.2 Fuel Scheduling / 188
    1 \! q6 N5 W" J; |5.3 Take-or-Pay Fuel Supply Contract / 188" R5 P- d) s- J7 d( f
    5.4 Complex Take-or-Pay Fuel Supply Models / 194
    ( O4 Z. P' Z: |$ h7 M+ Z1 U7 p5.4.1 Hard Limits and Slack Variables / 194
      J- Z9 @) Z( u7 u  K& a5 {5.5 Fuel Scheduling by Linear Programming / 195
    / v' Z5 N, P/ T* ~' V* ?5.6 Introduction to Hydrothermal Coordination / 202
    ) H" c; x. z' [& C& a5.6.1 Long-Range Hydro-Scheduling / 203
    / O, F; r. L) c  z) J& I5 i5.6.2 Short-Range Hydro-Scheduling / 204
    ' B1 j+ _: r/ A0 x" y( |5.7 Hydroelectric Plant Models / 204" t5 M! f: ]. A, Z3 g0 u
    5.8 Scheduling Problems / 207
    & g/ k; c$ z" u; a5.8.1 Types of Scheduling Problems / 207" z! C6 I; T& ?! [9 Y
    5.8.2 Scheduling Energy / 207- Z5 H' L5 f) Z& Y3 x% Y3 o
    5.9 The Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem / 211* F2 @7 v' K. ?
    5.9.1 Hydro-Scheduling with Storage Limitations / 2110 o/ H: `9 e# U! B5 `
    5.9.2 Hydro-Units in Series (Hydraulically Coupled) / 216
    - X2 C3 `+ {% d! ~, s5.9.3 Pumped-Storage Hydroplants / 218
    * `4 U$ i  T% b* {" D6 r* D  k5.10 Hydro-Scheduling using Linear Programming / 222
    . r  h4 p  L9 t. H2 _7 u) hAPPENDIX 5A Dynamic-Programming Solution to hydrothermal$ d8 A' Z6 c8 C2 i% x) |% f! Q0 ?
    Scheduling / 2251 p  P7 {# H7 ?8 `7 d: ]' T8 N3 K- j& G
    5.A.1 Dynamic Programming Example / 227
    3 o: \1 V0 Y$ _5.A.1.1 Procedure / 228, j. E* T7 K4 Z. p) a9 ]5 E
    5.A.1.2 Extension to Other Cases / 231
    ( q" h' l$ ]4 s5.A.1.3 Dynamic-Programming Solution to Multiple Hydroplant2 i) Q; C" f3 |. m
    Problem / 232
    + B- s8 K" H  g7 A9 j2 J& KPROBLEMS / 2342 c0 H* i/ i4 t& p; z, w& S! Y! S
    6 Transmission System Effects 243
    9 X& o0 X' c* K  z/ I9 J! l8 q0 X6.1 Introduction / 2437 Y& T3 _7 M& ]3 E, i
    6.2 Conversion of Equipment Data to Bus and Branch Data / 2473 S- K6 B; K+ L" Z# {
    6.3 Substation Bus Processing / 248
    , T, @" h+ f6 I8 U8 ~6.4 Equipment Modeling / 248
    7 k* L% `2 I6 O6.5 Dispatcher Power Flow for Operational Planning / 251
    ' m8 q+ h+ A2 v6.6 Conservation of Energy (Tellegen’s Theorem) / 252  M7 ~7 S/ [, u/ r
    6.7 Existing Power Flow Techniques / 253: i$ R; }; K" ~8 N# ^
    6.8 The Newton–Raphson Method Using the Augmented
    - v+ ~- w6 i& V/ jJacobian Matrix / 254( K8 |- L2 v0 k" \% o8 F
    6.8.1 Power Flow Statement / 254
    ! C* N# e. b6 `& D( S, @6.9 Mathematical Overview / 257
    ) x6 t& f# R) u/ r% l. b% K0 [contents xi
    5 v' M& m* F* ?( P/ d# Z7 i6.10 AC System Control Modeling / 259
    ' |# m! j6 b* T" Q2 ~6.11 Local Voltage Control / 259
    : x! a7 \* d0 D" Z5 q$ Z6.12 Modeling of Transmission Lines and Transformers / 259# |: V6 B6 b3 J' [" i( T6 E
    6.12.1 Transmission Line Flow Equations / 259
    6 c; k5 _7 c5 N' s) O4 J) [( {9 P6.12.2 Transformer Flow Equations / 260! s8 P2 o# Q7 U! `2 q& Y
    6.13 HVDC links / 261
    . Y1 e5 r1 Q# }' ?. W0 e6.13.1 Modeling of HVDC Converters/ o1 N  F, D4 r( o
    and FACT Devices / 264' j3 P$ B2 H' R# `( w& y
    6.13.2 Definition of Angular Relationships in1 Z; A% ?5 n3 \' T, y" X; g* k
    HVDC Converters / 264
    4 d& J9 s5 Z% \6 [! G2 w0 x6.13.3 Power Equations for a Six-Pole HVDC) E) N. C5 N( u# C9 X) g  \
    Converter / 264
    ! c3 W3 Y' N0 A* k4 p# v" R2 j1 ?6.14 Brief Review of Jacobian Matrix Processing / 267
    ( }# l1 M6 O8 |' c/ m) X6.15 Example 6A: AC Power Flow Case / 269( H4 b/ o6 Y# y
    6.16 The Decoupled Power Flow / 271
    # O' m5 w/ I2 b' q/ a- Y6.17 The Gauss–Seidel Method / 275
    5 @- g+ `: Q/ s0 p7 ~6.18 The “DC” or Linear Power Flow / 2772 Z' l% Z  v6 W: u; b
    6.18.1 DC Power Flow Calculation / 277* }' H, \  |, s9 @
    6.18.2 Example 6B: DC Power Flow Example on the
    % u7 ?" Y% @) QSix-Bus Sample System / 278
    + Y2 A) o$ m6 D, S6.19 Unified Eliminated Variable Hvdc Method / 278
    ! j" k- S/ d& X& Q  w1 v3 n6.19.1 Changes to Jacobian Matrix Reduced / 279
    & i# |5 ~! u9 f% j( M* }6.19.2 Control Modes / 280
    " N9 R  w7 P9 ?" c$ }6.19.3 Analytical Elimination / 280
    3 ^! k, O+ ]8 L7 `  J6.19.4 Control Mode Switching / 283! x" o- h. ~2 t/ A7 u0 O
    6.19.5 Bipolar and 12-Pulse Converters / 283
    0 r/ @& Y) x6 H' d6.20 Transmission Losses / 284) |- B8 d$ f9 `  s$ a* k
    6.20.1 A Two-Generator System Example / 284
    ) C1 }+ X) v7 v1 K4 r  w; f6.20.2 Coordination Equations, Incremental Losses,
    % U, J4 a, h* k0 `3 A' C5 f' p, tand Penalty Factors / 286
    7 @& }3 V1 _) u4 m' K6.21 Discussion of Reference Bus Penalty Factors / 288: Q' k5 A1 G4 z: X0 \
    6.22 Bus Penalty Factors Direct from the AC Power Flow / 289. N* E" X2 w! R# k3 ~
    PROBLEMS / 291
    ) w8 D# Y6 t( Y- ]" R7 Power System Security 296
    3 p3 r- F) u6 o  l$ }( R' Y4 B  P7.1 Introduction / 296
    7 _* U  A2 X9 U  t+ [9 T7.2 Factors Affecting Power System Security / 3015 q9 v% E9 b2 u4 n0 z7 p
    7.3 Contingency Analysis: Detection of Network Problems / 301
    * s. U' r1 O/ O; l  w$ v; F. g2 A7.3.1 Generation Outages / 301
    4 s( ^  Q3 i+ N, Z8 O, a. B0 p7.3.2 Transmission Outages / 302
    6 q! ^( B& Z- \7 K7 }xii contents
    0 F  w, d5 ^( Q7.4 An Overview of Security Analysis / 306
    7 `* J' @* r: C$ I" R9 d7.4.1 Linear Sensitivity Factors / 307
    & f0 e4 o  I: A7 Z' c2 d+ F7.5 Monitoring Power Transactions Using “Flowgates” / 313
    6 `2 y' T, k7 D9 y4 m0 k8 G7.6 Voltage Collapse / 315& v3 [* R- z9 o( D5 S# l
    7.6.1 AC Power Flow Methods / 317
    6 A  H, x% K! ?& l) i! t/ H2 F7.6.2 Contingency Selection / 320
    " y4 x8 D- J2 B  e' g- E1 I7.6.3 Concentric Relaxation / 323
    ' a+ ?+ x! \, I7.6.4 Bounding / 325" H+ a; S$ x% |% ?, i  N
    7.6.5 Adaptive Localization / 3255 s5 c: l3 y9 }; C$ L; I
    APPENDIX 7A AC Power Flow Sample Cases / 327- Y* E- \5 D; g9 r5 d$ c4 E
    APPENDIX 7B Calculation of Network Sensitivity Factors / 336
    + {/ l; l! P& b7B.1 Calculation of PTDF Factors / 3366 X3 Y& U& s- _6 P, Q' L  j! u
    7B.2 Calculation of LODF Factors / 339* k" Y9 {! R8 p/ U- K
    7B.2.1 Special Cases / 341, O9 X& A* u! _, v2 _; d$ R
    7B.3 Compensated PTDF Factors / 343
    * b, k+ `, Z$ u$ V: MProblems / 343: V: \! g* P, a$ _& m
    References / 349, f  r% v7 |& w9 K5 K$ n; `8 }
    8 Optimal Power Flow 3503 a# o0 S; G& |4 y: m$ G
    8.1 Introduction / 350
    ! C, n" O% F; O6 o. Z' r8 _* z8.2 The Economic Dispatch Formulation / 351, u2 J: h1 e  O# E
    8.3 The Optimal Power Flow Calculation Combining) p3 B7 E0 x. o& S: Q- n
    Economic Dispatch and the Power Flow / 352
    . F. i" s  \7 r8.4 Optimal Power Flow Using the DC Power Flow / 3542 e1 I  t2 O6 h7 M7 e
    8.5 Example 8A: Solution of the DC Power Flow OPF / 356
    5 i. |& p5 u/ e; K3 O* k3 Y8.6 Example 8B: DCOPF with Transmission Line: C! a! w2 G2 V6 E  V
    Limit Imposed / 361
    : Y* E& K4 e3 Z8 k. S8.7 Formal Solution of the DCOPF / 3654 C& l, A7 |0 J' F) O3 v7 u7 h8 m
    8.8 Adding Line Flow Constraints to the Linear  Z+ a) O# t8 s7 e/ p2 c% z
    Programming Solution / 365
    9 Y/ c" w3 ]+ Z3 h* k- J8.8.1 Solving the DCOPF Using Quadratic Programming / 367' Z) O, n2 p; I( Y% _
    8.9 Solution of the ACOPF / 368
    ) p# I3 y. J) c3 X# S0 b) X$ v" _8.10 Algorithms for Solution of the ACOPF / 369
    8 V5 `7 E$ w; ?2 W) @8.11 Relationship Between LMP, Incremental Losses,9 ?8 c1 E1 I8 K" P5 T
    and Line Flow Constraints / 3763 H! _% j& V4 v
    8.11.1 Locational Marginal Price at a Bus with No Lines+ Q# X$ r  |8 v7 l4 B! f2 V0 M
    Being Held at Limit / 377
    / f5 r" q; c" x0 B5 s2 ^" w! z8.11.2 Locational Marginal Price with a Line Held at its Limit / 378
    3 X' w( ?# ^% D* c( a2 Lcontents xiii8 |/ Q! l- V3 e% L$ S
    8.12 Security-Constrained OPF / 382- t5 i, D( |: x7 ^/ N+ S3 A0 E
    8.12.1 Security Constrained OPF Using the DC Power Flow* F# ^9 p2 Z9 C4 s3 Z
    and Quadratic Programming / 384
    + s: U) ~) E3 v* p8.12.2 DC Power Flow / 3851 U* P2 L9 K( r0 `
    8.12.3 Line Flow Limits / 385
    , V1 c& H) H3 W" i4 w! ]8.12.4 Contingency Limits / 3865 E& G( |3 C% p! R9 L) ?. e
    APPENDIX 8A Interior Point Method / 3910 n: q. x1 p/ F" w9 ]
    APPENDIX 8B Data for the 12-Bus System / 393
    1 I7 ]6 y0 J, g: ^3 r7 b& qAPPENDIX 8C Line Flow Sensitivity Factors / 395
    # N' e; S2 ?" c* `4 WAPPENDIX 8D Linear Sensitivity Analysis of the2 B) t/ w: s6 r) n
    AC Power Flow / 3976 ^: d# d& U$ \8 }5 d* B3 T
    PROBLEMS / 399
    , e; I$ T- U# A9 i/ g, ?9 Introduction to State Estimation in Power Systems 403! F' \9 [# L$ k; Q8 X3 E9 S) K$ R
    9.1 Introduction / 4036 s0 e8 o8 d, J: B: z7 Y2 j. T
    9.2 Power System State Estimation / 404
    # S2 r6 i" Y. e- O3 I# ?- _7 q9.3 Maximum Likelihood Weighted Least-Squares
    + O1 ^6 r4 e& r- z1 QEstimation / 408
    7 E/ K! B- J  ^0 \9.3.1 Introduction / 408% q8 v" r& S3 e0 _( h) X& p
    9.3.2 Maximum Likelihood Concepts / 410! _2 D2 z5 a8 \
    9.3.3 Matrix Formulation / 414
    + V7 Y8 @$ H: Y+ {9.3.4 An Example of Weighted Least-Squares. l8 x) C2 w4 o0 z! I% F7 V* d
    State Estimation / 417
    / f& H5 h% P9 u& K' _; U6 ]9.4 State Estimation of an Ac Network / 4212 x6 A/ ]' I% R' P8 x
    9.4.1 Development of Method / 421
    & E, l0 k' `$ H7 [4 x; ?& h4 S7 P& h9.4.2 Typical Results of State Estimation on an3 }4 n6 R7 V3 h3 x: h8 o; U
    AC Network / 424
    ' c- H& N+ P( n+ r$ [) i( U9.5 State Estimation by Orthogonal Decomposition / 428
    ' Y  h' `$ e0 u1 D9.5.1 The Orthogonal Decomposition Algorithm / 431
    + [! h1 o. z  b0 }9.6 An Introduction to Advanced Topics in State Estimation / 435
    4 s' G3 D2 B) E9.6.1 Sources of Error in State Estimation / 435
    ( ?# u# U' o0 w" K9.6.2 Detection and Identification of Bad Measurements / 436
    / D2 b1 ~3 e" b, i/ u9.6.3 Estimation of Quantities Not Being Measured / 4436 `' a) T" _: V* P5 f3 O4 O
    9.6.4 Network Observability and Pseudo-measurements / 444
    " E9 f' `) `; |9 I! h9.7 The Use of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUS) / 447
    . [: n0 P( f- m3 t9.8 Application of Power Systems State Estimation / 451
    # C; r3 V3 h. W0 k- R$ A9.9 Importance of Data Verification and Validation / 454
    ( |( n, w/ ^, z# Z9.10 Power System Control Centers / 454- s( x  Q8 P4 w8 ~/ h5 ^$ j
    xiv contents
    0 k* Z9 _' k1 g) g" v* ~APPENDIX 9A Derivation of Least-Squares Equations / 456' z6 \; @+ p# N2 D/ ^
    9A.1 The Overdetermined Case (Nm > Ns) / 457
    # Z. Y/ `! ^% `6 S5 K9A.2 The Fully Determined Case (Nm = Ns) / 4625 u0 A! I) I# m" d
    9A.3 The Underdetermined Case (Nm < Ns) / 462
    % ^) ~% z" r2 t  v: B' tPROBLEMS / 464
    * Q& v* @- Y; F7 x2 H( R10 Control of Generation 468
    * J! i3 x2 C5 O! V- C0 s10.1 Introduction / 4689 ^. \- t+ o3 T+ y. j4 L
    10.2 Generator Model / 470
    % c+ |8 |6 |" I1 P; x$ r3 {10.3 Load Model / 473
    ) h0 \3 ~" ]3 M10.4 Prime-Mover Model / 475
    5 U4 }  v  {( q7 @5 ~- f2 m10.5 Governor Model / 476
    $ G% I$ y+ y: ~10.6 Tie-Line Model / 481
    3 a. u% s, @& x0 X! L10.7 Generation Control / 485
    6 }) }8 Y: K# v# I- B/ ?! n10.7.1 Supplementary Control Action / 485
    " R5 Y6 i, X8 I7 r+ ]10.7.2 Tie-Line Control / 486
    % f/ S4 n8 v# V2 ?10.7.3 Generation Allocation / 489/ k$ ?1 B4 ^- C9 |& b' g. `, S6 d8 f
    10.7.4 Automatic Generation Control (AGC). C8 q2 k( K, r- d
    Implementation / 491
    - _% S. H) M# I  s10.7.5 AGC Features / 495- j5 p& r- |1 U8 H$ L
    10.7.6 NERC Generation Control Criteria / 496( k3 I2 c9 J' I
    PROBLEMS / 497
    0 t" z/ H& f+ ]+ ]References / 500% n, \  k# l3 Y, k" F
    11 Interchange, Pooling, Brokers, and Auctions 501$ H  C7 D8 a/ S- |9 M
    11.1 Introduction / 501
      i' T5 w; k6 Q! V$ y$ P5 x11.2 Interchange Contracts / 504
    0 E% S9 Z3 H8 K& N- n11.2.1 Energy / 504
    & }8 e, M7 }2 i: r6 S% A9 ^2 H11.2.2 Dynamic Energy / 506
    7 t) K& n1 R; D1 e/ v11.2.3 Contingent / 506
    ! @; ^) g: `* }11.2.4 Market Based / 5071 z- N5 ]5 ?3 U* N% I6 U
    11.2.5 Transmission Use / 5081 X# S6 e/ w& t% g5 G! a
    11.2.6 Reliability / 517
    & e8 ~, P. k( q, w% g5 n) N11.3 Energy Interchange between Utilities / 517* M* b! U9 @$ N& Y" I5 u2 h
    11.4 Interutility Economy Energy Evaluation / 521
    8 j1 y  J' w) y- |11.5 Interchange Evaluation with Unit Commitment / 522( b, e- |3 P# y6 }. a
    11.6 Multiple Utility Interchange Transactions—Wheeling / 523) ], S" c8 s) i8 Y; h" c+ V
    11.7 Power Pools / 526
    / S, D9 @% B! T, Mcontents xv
    & `6 J. k0 G/ _0 \( E2 i11.8 The Energy-Broker System / 529' P. E: ]. {( l* C9 j9 D
    11.9 Transmission Capability General Issues / 5333 \! w$ C8 J' a' G  B' j
    11.10 Available Transfer Capability and Flowgates / 535
    + {& ^5 ]# G4 H, v+ N3 q8 E11.10.1 Definitions / 536& |; z) F  U, r/ B
    11.10.2 Process / 539
    , H5 j9 F+ N4 V6 j11.10.3 Calculation ATC Methodology / 540
    ! l/ n& y: A& h  e0 i& F11.11 Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) / 550
    3 {+ `( M3 k5 F0 `9 Y' ^4 r9 Y11.11.1 Loads and Generation in a Spot Market Auction / 550( |- Y2 o+ L  l7 d0 B$ i
    11.11.2 Shape of the Two Functions / 5520 Q9 l/ @8 H( H! }
    11.11.3 Meaning of the Lagrange Multipliers / 553
    $ d" B5 Q: N' G3 e4 E2 `( n11.11.4 The Day-Ahead Market Dispatch / 554
    / M% `5 Q6 |  W# }+ C5 r11.12 Auction Emulation using Network LP / 555" B" z' v# z0 Z$ o
    11.13 Sealed Bid Discrete Auctions / 555
    - d( @4 G0 v' A  H* y7 H6 cPROBLEMS / 560% \7 [6 F( o1 o" F1 E$ m$ A: ]
    12 Short-Term Demand Forecasting 566
    : Y/ x$ Q" }1 r) ~1 P5 e" c6 C12.1 Perspective / 5668 k' _, J$ }5 x
    12.2 Analytic Methods / 569
    0 t% m) U  J  g12.3 Demand Models / 571. N5 x5 x- H3 m8 m9 w1 r
    12.4 Commodity Price Forecasting / 572
    9 q: L2 c2 x9 n& ^  Z8 K6 Q12.5 Forecasting Errors / 573
    ; Z& }! h* K5 b" Z8 }3 G12.6 System Identification / 573
    " H/ @3 R: |$ U; i0 u! I12.7 Econometric Models / 574
    8 a6 f9 F! z3 N3 w- C12.7.1 Linear Environmental Model / 574, N* I( r+ }# ~. e7 Z) V  A4 w
    12.7.2 Weather-Sensitive Models / 576
    ; U( @- R, e+ @2 Y9 Q12.8 Time Series / 578
    2 t. }1 U, }" }% |# ~0 m. S12.8.1 Time Series Models Seasonal Component / 578
    . J; h  ?' c9 n; y. W5 K12.8.2 Auto-Regressive (AR) / 580
    : e# J5 h3 f: e- ^7 r/ A12.8.3 Moving Average (MA) / 5819 }( j1 f- U9 M+ M- }4 ~
    12.8.4 Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA):
    & U+ ?) U8 G! p0 S" T2 ?Box-Jenkins / 582: g: f  n; ]3 _+ q
    12.8.5 Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving-Average
    % S: r7 s3 q' H, O& s" z: {) I' g! i(ARIMA): Box-Jenkins / 584
    . A/ A" F) b, u5 A8 v) A3 C; c12.8.6 Others (ARMAX, ARIMAX, SARMAX, NARMA) / 585# V0 V& P8 Y& _/ ?) s$ B, B: S) j
    12.9 Time Series Model Development / 585
    * A3 u0 q6 T6 u  J3 R4 m. m12.9.1 Base Demand Models / 5863 }2 P. u) O, F9 l% \9 a
    12.9.2 Trend Models / 586
      x+ A* }& Q9 m, C- h& w3 U12.9.3 Linear Regression Method / 586
    - H. D" m# l1 v/ B: _/ u* Axvi contents
    % j! |' j* ?5 h! g! J12.9.4 Seasonal Models / 588- f1 A. {3 |4 P: A3 O
    12.9.5 Stationarity / 588
    , ~2 j% l6 Z4 U12.9.6 WLS Estimation Process / 590
    & L3 b$ k2 a+ A( N" }3 Q$ @12.9.7 Order and Variance Estimation / 591, f2 `5 N5 @: `6 W
    12.9.8 Yule-Walker Equations / 592) `3 q3 i% u, B6 O
    12.9.9 Durbin-Levinson Algorithm / 5957 Z% [- s3 B2 q4 ~/ ]$ ~
    12.9.10 Innovations Estimation for MA and ARMA3 J6 X3 f0 x4 \& q6 _: B( F
    Processes / 598
    * d! r% y3 j! Q' {+ G" Y12.9.11 ARIMA Overall Process / 600
    2 U: N$ C: s$ t$ n9 c12.10 Artificial Neural Networks / 603
    ) J& w% m; M& {7 C$ \, R12.10.1 Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks / 604' t: q7 V* `" z5 {
    12.10.2 Artificial Neurons / 605. s/ |0 u7 S9 K1 f3 p, B6 d
    12.10.3 Neural network applications / 606
    & i: C& O. @3 G1 p' \; d" p' G12.10.4 Hopfield Neural Networks / 606
    9 e1 R5 d& Y6 s4 ]1 `- _12.10.5 Feed-Forward Networks / 607. o2 `$ ]) H6 ?" {
    12.10.6 Back-Propagation Algorithm / 610: W3 W: E0 S' L5 ~6 A- K: G
    12.10.7 Interior Point Linear Programming Algorithms / 6134 ]# j- r% J  ~# H) t
    12.11 Model Integration / 614- D0 i: T2 t9 S# T) {9 ]
    12.12 Demand Prediction / 614
    3 y9 _6 Q5 |3 J% i12.12.1 Hourly System Demand Forecasts / 615
    9 R  [3 Z: ?$ P& ~6 w12.12.2 One-Step Ahead Forecasts / 6150 n9 h7 b) w; E) R
    12.12.3 Hourly Bus Demand Forecasts / 616
    8 Z# Q; J+ j& ~/ M12.13 Conclusion / 616$ N6 b3 x! Y) S$ O" I. z
    PROBLEMS / 617
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    发表于 2014-7-12 17:41:40 | 显示全部楼层
    楼主好人,是好东西,顶~
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    发表于 2014-8-6 09:08:28 | 显示全部楼层
    好东西,谢啦~
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    发表于 2014-11-8 15:58:17 | 显示全部楼层
    楼主真是大好人,我找第三版找了好久,一直用的第二版,感觉第三版从内容到排版又更进步了!
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