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内容简介, A. o& O" @9 L
This book will be focused on the modeling and control of the DFIM based wind turbines. In the first part of the book, the mathematical description of different basic dynamic models of the DFIM will be carried out. It will be accompanied by a detailed steady-state analysis of the machine. After that, a more sophisticated model of the machine that considers grid disturbances, such as voltage dips and unbalances will be also studied.?The second part of the book surveys the most relevant control strategies used for the DFIM when it operates at the wind energy generation application. The control techniques studied, range from standard solutions used by wind turbine manufacturers, to the last developments oriented to improve the behavior of high power wind turbines, as well as control and hardware based solutions to address different faulty scenarios of the grid. In addition, the standalone DFIM generation system will be also analyzed3 \% N/ E! X3 u0 f" [8 Z8 p
具体目录 / C5 ^- s% d! L& M% H9 v: OChapter 1: Introduction to A Wind Energy Generation System: W" Q6 ^6 q4 ]2 s0 K7 a
1.1 Introduction( E: R: U. O z
1.2 Basic concepts of a Fixed Speed Wind Turbine (FSWT)/ |3 [6 ~! l# V7 l+ L( [
1.3 Variable Speed Wind Turbines (VSWTs), x3 M7 ]$ k0 w, e6 t. v
1.4 Wind Energy Generation System Based on DFIM VSWT% P& C4 I, S; F5 E8 Y6 n5 T ]4 s
1.5 Grid Code Requirements2 Y$ n+ Y# B4 B, |1 }/ Z
1.6 Voltage Dips and LVRT5 z: s% Q$ x9 l7 x/ Q2 M! O
1.7 VSWT Based on DFIM Manufacturers 0 K& I6 L: o4 N) r' T1.8 Introduction to the Next Chapters 4 z6 q$ f4 U: f3 P& F$ M5 N) y: u/ {Bibliography( r q r$ w" r& N4 \) S
Chapter 2: Back-to-Back Power Electronic Converter 1 c+ D9 D) c, g8 o, h! b6 L1 M2.1 Introduction " f/ ?: w) A- h0 m2.2 Back-to-Back Converter based on Two-Level VSC Topology % v2 Z" \( ]/ }; T4 Y- Z; N* C; G2.3 Multilevel VSC Topologies" n( {% ?6 K/ x
2.4 Control of Grid Side System5 p1 g9 f3 i% h
2.5 Summary- K' A; B4 D) h7 Q9 T1 W
References ) A2 D/ j' F1 y, @1 U9 d8 v6 o6 SChapter 3: Steady State of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine ) z/ B$ u$ Y. J! @; I0 ?3.1 Introduction" u& a, A! ~8 \$ B+ Q0 n
3.2 Equivalent Electric Circuit at Steady State 2 l6 Q e% w/ U' r- a/ C3.3 Operation Modes Attending to Speed and Power Flows 6 a6 e; P/ b% [' x0 b7 z3.4 Per Unit Transformation( g& Y( w4 T1 ^' G! ~7 u
3.5 Steady State Curves: Performance Evaluation! T B. L/ r" {! V) r+ }( C. a% i* U
3.6 Design Requirements for the DFIM in Wind Energy Generation Applications 1 j4 |; f M; I; ^+ X3.7 Summary ; c, | x i9 E1 @: uReferences9 H) B+ S8 ]5 F1 q/ a: }" z
Chapter 4: Dynamic Modeling of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine / c* e$ z) E. r4 C) V. l4.1 Introduction ; A* a7 Q8 F3 n% }- _" o+ y4.2 Dynamic Modeling of the DFIM6 V3 u1 [( D4 q) [
4.3 Summary 5 |" _$ p$ n, k" l# k9 |References 7 M6 G) D' \) \) s M# tChapter 5: Testing the DFIM* e0 u7 f& [. D8 ^, N# A# R
5.1 Introduction : G" Y- q- ^/ k5.2 Off-line Estimation of DFIM Model Parameters) s2 S/ u2 M0 \% Y; O
5.3 Summary5 p0 f& ~1 [1 z' i8 ?9 A
References 1 @& O, i& O+ ?4 l* k. _" tChapter 6: Analysis of the DFIM Under Voltage Dips7 D7 c- Z3 p( w! x) U/ ^
6.1 Introduction " a ~3 X1 Y/ u, l" C' i6.2 Electromagnetic Force Induced in the Rotor 4 v8 [$ ]- W `0 T. ]) @) a6.3 Normal Operation1 @* T$ r, X5 P
6.4 Three-Phase Voltage Dips % c) X, A$ j8 }& s' ?6.5 Asymmetrical Voltage Dips . o4 ~3 U; X* `/ i6.6 Influence of the Rotor Currents 0 g- p1 p/ P3 S& c8 y6.7 DFIM Equivalent Model During Voltage Dips - ~2 p% C. Q8 F5 @. | e6.8 Summary* `% K! w# e0 c/ ? c' [2 A
References 4 e3 ]0 L1 c$ V. G) C# L7 tChapter 7: Vector Control Strategies for Grid-Connected DFIM Wind Turbines 6 S& p" n7 w/ n" Y7.1 Introduction 3 j, R) f \" A" [; C, z7.2 Vector Control ! S7 D7 D5 _$ _# u0 `' F3 o. T7.3 Small Signal Stability of the Vector Control- n, W6 Y) o o+ F7 L* s
7.4 Vector Control Behavior Under Unbalanced Conditions 3 r, Z% V7 m. _ D7.5 Vector Control Behavior Under Voltage Dips 8 H6 E! V6 u ]* _/ }9 j7.6 Control Solutions for Grid Disturbances3 ^+ j. n8 L$ j- i: R7 Y; [
7.7 Summary ! m3 X+ g. t4 kReferences0 l; Z3 v6 |! B# t/ e
Chapter 8: Direct Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine7 E- S! Q. w, D' B: ]! _
8.1 Introduction3 B# K J+ ?6 a" G- |5 W
8.2 Direct Torque Control (DTC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine ! l" B2 l) j4 a. c0 e4 S* t. A8.3 Direct Power Control (DPC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine, Q7 O; v' d. x) J8 _) _7 }' r
8.4 Predictive Direct Torque Control (P-DTC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency {5 d% p# i6 a4 y
8.5 Predictive Direct Power Control (P-DPC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency 4 i- ?% l4 A3 k( R2 h8 F8.6 Multilevel Converter based Predictive Direct Power and Direct Torque Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency) m, M3 `! p* I% K' Z# O
8.7 Control Solutions for Grid Voltage Disturbances, Based on Direct Control Techniques 4 a# Q4 O' R. y8.8 Summary 5 M! K3 r# j2 j5 M/ h) _References % J* n8 b n- J! y- ]$ rChapter 9: Hardware Solutions for LVRT " f# g9 H$ a- G8 @2 ~) ~' r9.1 Introduction 8 Q, A% z7 F' N l: x) O' R9.2 Grid Codes Related to LVRT( g7 B( K5 k6 f: u
9.3 Crowbar% D1 v% Q% {" b" a$ O
9.4 Braking Chopper" W+ N$ ?5 Q3 D) S6 W
9.5 Other Protection Techniques ' Q7 }% Q2 P" _1 M n% J5 u& }9.6 Summary+ B6 N0 z: F8 E7 G% x
References , T. D1 _- P0 p3 i, I" D8 g9 y, KChapter 10: Complementary Control Issues: Estimator Structures and Start-Up of Grid-Connected DFIM5 `# y, Y3 o# }: b0 `. d A: ?2 M" ~
10.1 Introduction. S9 O! v; U/ u+ {. Y* t( y7 a
10.2 Estimator and Observer Structures 8 P) a4 B! G5 C' S8 b3 m10.3 Start-up of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine Based Wind Turbine . q* G, a# J; V10.4 Summary) R8 M$ k! {3 \
References 6 O# A' H. v$ c4 PChapter 11: Stand-Alone DFIM Based Generation Systems / `( C V+ E# y11.1 Introduction, E: k% }. X6 O
11.2 Mathematical Description of the Stand-Alone DFIM System" p; g: ^! H8 a) B1 {9 R7 V
11.3 Stator Voltage Control & p7 x6 Z8 u/ P2 F11.4 Synchronization Before Grid Connection By Superior PLL H( _$ f/ N' a" v11.5 Summary. }, r2 W( s9 a
References3 s e" t% t0 ~# {% ]5 t( d
Chapter 12: New Trends on Wind Energy Generation 0 x7 I3 G! n8 N+ h! T- {$ G; Z12.1 Introduction% [: r8 S) G M4 t
12.2 Future Challenges for Wind Energy Generation: What must be Innovated9 K& s) U- U" L# k( C* X: c5 ?! }
12.3 Technological trends: How they can be Achieved5 H% E7 Z: Z+ T: D
12.4 Summary ( w, l7 I( |% z) A6 T5 Q9 {' ], [* hReferences ' d0 ~7 B3 v3 dAppendix b. M6 V. W: p; w7 ?( qA.1 Space Vector Representation / k% F M: M: M/ wA.2 Dynamic Modeling of the DFIM Considering the Iron Losses. q& g/ W* _: v/ x/ G2 g
References