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内容简介; Q4 M5 S- k, j! K
This book will be focused on the modeling and control of the DFIM based wind turbines. In the first part of the book, the mathematical description of different basic dynamic models of the DFIM will be carried out. It will be accompanied by a detailed steady-state analysis of the machine. After that, a more sophisticated model of the machine that considers grid disturbances, such as voltage dips and unbalances will be also studied.?The second part of the book surveys the most relevant control strategies used for the DFIM when it operates at the wind energy generation application. The control techniques studied, range from standard solutions used by wind turbine manufacturers, to the last developments oriented to improve the behavior of high power wind turbines, as well as control and hardware based solutions to address different faulty scenarios of the grid. In addition, the standalone DFIM generation system will be also analyzed K1 m4 P$ c8 F具体目录 3 Z0 _. I) h" JChapter 1: Introduction to A Wind Energy Generation System7 k& E, E7 A0 x! X: D
1.1 Introduction ' u" o* ]8 z _5 ?' h8 H' I9 t1.2 Basic concepts of a Fixed Speed Wind Turbine (FSWT): |) A$ A1 Y3 N3 j$ U- N
1.3 Variable Speed Wind Turbines (VSWTs) $ V/ A5 Y4 K1 v: l0 e* y# z! z1.4 Wind Energy Generation System Based on DFIM VSWT / z- n$ l* o: b' _5 r% u ^" D1.5 Grid Code Requirements # D$ w3 A' r" Q8 E! {/ A+ ~6 y1.6 Voltage Dips and LVRT 3 A$ f8 g/ h. j' f9 C# R1.7 VSWT Based on DFIM Manufacturers # e( N. s/ f5 G1.8 Introduction to the Next Chapters# R. I# a3 v& b* G* e
Bibliography* E0 {# M# J9 {5 M/ [7 w! B4 E7 L. b
Chapter 2: Back-to-Back Power Electronic Converter# n4 C9 c$ A5 |% d/ P4 E
2.1 Introduction3 D* u0 Z, H5 m, q, s0 J# z( o
2.2 Back-to-Back Converter based on Two-Level VSC Topology 8 f1 ?8 v2 d! g' V( w2.3 Multilevel VSC Topologies 9 L: s3 ~3 r7 `5 t2.4 Control of Grid Side System , g! C7 x2 X2 I& K* Q" t# G& ^# f2.5 Summary1 O* H& b5 A# x. c, k
References . t+ ~- C& I1 o EChapter 3: Steady State of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine K( S" M, S& a" [! E
3.1 Introduction9 t, X! e! w+ ~+ m0 o- k
3.2 Equivalent Electric Circuit at Steady State8 n# g% K: @: A4 \$ d2 b1 i
3.3 Operation Modes Attending to Speed and Power Flows $ J) H+ Y4 i6 q& w3 G4 b. c3.4 Per Unit Transformation ' i ^! H; o2 b% i7 m5 W; `3.5 Steady State Curves: Performance Evaluation 4 E" I% N {/ y+ g0 ~+ E9 K( ?3.6 Design Requirements for the DFIM in Wind Energy Generation Applications; F& F+ s& W2 F, f5 N
3.7 Summary ' |4 ~* c7 l: S+ N9 ]References : G6 v/ n3 D. eChapter 4: Dynamic Modeling of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine. x0 h+ S8 X5 U1 ~6 A
4.1 Introduction 2 ~9 _" k0 e! Z% X( e9 P! E8 F4.2 Dynamic Modeling of the DFIM ! P5 P. Z5 h0 u u1 T4.3 Summary 9 [' T1 S8 d. H0 [* pReferences' P& }. Y3 P5 U/ i
Chapter 5: Testing the DFIM+ f& S" _0 _" p* b
5.1 Introduction # c. R. ^: x, C$ O6 U. X3 I5.2 Off-line Estimation of DFIM Model Parameters ; _6 E) v" J" J2 U+ F8 O5.3 Summary - {+ s8 h2 H. g2 v! K0 |References ! E3 h9 a. F- X4 @2 [1 l/ j8 WChapter 6: Analysis of the DFIM Under Voltage Dips 8 O3 M: ^- M1 J- M% n; h: A: E* b6.1 Introduction 5 G) W/ ~& |3 e6.2 Electromagnetic Force Induced in the Rotor / p9 Z6 m, v' p+ J% k6.3 Normal Operation1 j E) e+ a0 V9 o% [
6.4 Three-Phase Voltage Dips9 k: N) u- T U/ p# b4 u. j) [
6.5 Asymmetrical Voltage Dips ' p+ K0 P" E) r: E1 ^6.6 Influence of the Rotor Currents' L( ]" u* y x9 q* |; k; m* d
6.7 DFIM Equivalent Model During Voltage Dips 6 K( ~ l# F) e- F6.8 Summary , P' ~5 I! {' w0 X: F, lReferences 4 j9 ?& Z0 K# G: @* e# I3 h5 QChapter 7: Vector Control Strategies for Grid-Connected DFIM Wind Turbines7 Z- U( t" x2 T0 r3 |$ z- N6 }. A
7.1 Introduction6 s9 k! [ P6 p8 u* Y# F7 A
7.2 Vector Control1 G$ L8 n3 N9 n" [3 h p+ A8 H
7.3 Small Signal Stability of the Vector Control 6 ^5 P: E$ ~5 G8 o0 V. S; ~7.4 Vector Control Behavior Under Unbalanced Conditions9 P3 m( p* L$ f$ z$ o, r8 C
7.5 Vector Control Behavior Under Voltage Dips& \1 i5 r1 a4 }6 [
7.6 Control Solutions for Grid Disturbances ( ]' l: S5 S, V' {) }4 \ q7.7 Summary, c: g t- j- q5 x% f' Y4 [
References j" t! _" i' P2 i$ k3 P ]6 n* |: ZChapter 8: Direct Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine2 i x" p) h% _
8.1 Introduction / v/ l! {$ Q j6 z8.2 Direct Torque Control (DTC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine/ R, o4 Q$ V+ i
8.3 Direct Power Control (DPC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine : H/ e G2 H) I) v" i8.4 Predictive Direct Torque Control (P-DTC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency " N2 [5 B x+ i! e3 H- Y8.5 Predictive Direct Power Control (P-DPC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency+ I! f" e' d9 N9 ], k
8.6 Multilevel Converter based Predictive Direct Power and Direct Torque Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency- v; N9 ~* [ C& l4 r
8.7 Control Solutions for Grid Voltage Disturbances, Based on Direct Control Techniques , C+ ^/ c5 S& ~9 J8.8 Summary + t" {4 o& s# KReferences 4 B& |) a6 f9 C5 v5 @8 V3 cChapter 9: Hardware Solutions for LVRT m' @4 J* j( e5 G, `9.1 Introduction 5 L! R) t8 P& t# ^9.2 Grid Codes Related to LVRT : @5 k9 h1 I# H7 b9.3 Crowbar ( D, U) n! y$ o6 P% M& N+ G! y5 T) M9.4 Braking Chopper3 T3 |) Z1 j# {' C X) I
9.5 Other Protection Techniques4 U. ?% U' f6 n+ j
9.6 Summary - n( i, ?- z) M$ Q' {8 k% EReferences 4 ^9 s7 v. j, N8 B% c) vChapter 10: Complementary Control Issues: Estimator Structures and Start-Up of Grid-Connected DFIM" h1 a4 \7 M, r0 u3 x2 h& _0 X
10.1 Introduction* q& ^6 ]# J' Y8 ? n9 U" {: \/ h8 P
10.2 Estimator and Observer Structures/ E1 D0 ]' L! \6 ^" h2 Z
10.3 Start-up of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine Based Wind Turbine$ I5 k/ ]3 `" k) ?4 P
10.4 Summary * \: c9 W$ I3 g% H0 z3 v! g$ v0 nReferences . K; d# R. b% }* l5 D8 TChapter 11: Stand-Alone DFIM Based Generation Systems+ C. Q/ [! Q, o! p2 q. h
11.1 Introduction- f4 ^. S- Q! K" t
11.2 Mathematical Description of the Stand-Alone DFIM System, c% T' [' S( `+ c9 S+ {
11.3 Stator Voltage Control7 u1 u. d$ m. Y' ?) x- i
11.4 Synchronization Before Grid Connection By Superior PLL- y1 E. T+ ^. ^, S1 t
11.5 Summary9 d l4 p1 a7 j5 {+ }
References2 C; n$ @4 D/ b1 m
Chapter 12: New Trends on Wind Energy Generation! o% c) S" H1 {# W# m: d
12.1 Introduction 8 f t- F( Z8 ^( f' j: B4 V12.2 Future Challenges for Wind Energy Generation: What must be Innovated 6 O5 y6 p; b" E4 e1 o: e12.3 Technological trends: How they can be Achieved 4 J, o! v6 N" ~1 K T) \* _12.4 Summary + q0 J5 y4 |7 _ E# h3 `) d4 cReferences 3 g7 p: }, d9 wAppendix " _& |. O1 o5 O4 @! e+ \2 v/ nA.1 Space Vector Representation ) J5 a- s, r. G, o& m( ]& WA.2 Dynamic Modeling of the DFIM Considering the Iron Losses L, y! V( ?$ w! s3 j" y/ v3 v9 ^! r
References