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PART A: INTRODUCTION 1
1 ^! G' m% r: |# S/ a+ X1. Introduction..................................................................................................................34 A4 F ?; _% _* n
2. pscad components....................................................................................................5
, p1 \) W# Z E2 w; t% @+ o( `3. Modelled structure.......................................................................................................7+ N' k5 |; y# z2 M/ o
4. Simulations performed.................................................................................................9
. F" \; C% \. a% cPART B: BUILD THE MODEL 116 o; ~, b5 j& n0 T9 f& t; u% H
5. From the wind to the Synchronous Generator...........................................................13
& M+ V9 t9 Y& v t+ p5.1 The Wind Source.........................................................................................................14! e7 S2 O4 O- M R
5.2 The wind turbine component.......................................................................................15
/ L, [% _- W; Z0 L$ @& r; Q9 G$ b& D5.2.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................15
9 _2 d. n) e% R {* C5.2.2 Cp curve with PSCAD standard model.................................................................16* T1 a/ `, p7 l; Z
5.2.3 Computation of parameters...................................................................................17
) P4 X$ G: g6 U; b$ U, G5.2.4 Define the Wind turbine parameters.....................................................................18- ]. L3 C- l' ~
5.3 Wind turbine governor component..............................................................................193 J- q$ S7 I# ^# N R4 I
5.3.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................19
3 k2 M% T6 q" R& ]- V1 }5.3.2 Define the Wind governor parameters..................................................................20
! u5 O( u1 _2 d, }2 N i5.4 The synchronous generator.........................................................................................21
! w9 m8 g5 Q. L5.5 Turbine generator connection: Simulation at rated load..............................................24
R7 O2 w3 c. L! k' ^3 WSimulation parameters & analysis :......................................................................................245 h/ G' G/ D$ _2 h' ^; _
6. AC/DC/AC : Power and Frequency conversion.........................................................27
. u. r' L% w' K# L2 _1 R5 k0 f. S6.1 Diode Rectifier.............................................................................................................28
9 {1 m) S! D" a& G/ `6.2 Overvoltage protection................................................................................................30! |4 ^/ }2 Q" O! g
6.3 DC bus.........................................................................................................................31% p7 W/ T P) B. r7 a4 F
6.3.1 Build the DC bus....................................................................................................31+ m7 i% u3 e% r2 s
6.3.2 Model validation.....................................................................................................32
. U# g" l0 c& d( {' a6.4 6-Pulse Thyristor inverter............................................................................................34 WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS PAGE A3 }1 v0 O$ `$ x% ]6 f8 Q
PSCAD®4.02
. J5 C' X; w) _( u! DIntroduction# @' i9 }! a3 O P7 g p" o
6.4.1 Presentation..........................................................................................................34& u% J) K- H+ n3 _2 c i) z- d# R
6.4.2 Voltage collapse limitation....................................................................................36 D& Z* J e7 e0 h" j/ \
6.4.3 Voltage regulation.................................................................................................37$ j$ r, b2 K2 H n% \* ?
6.5 Connection to the network..........................................................................................40
! n5 H1 H- Z& H+ X! U7. The distribution grid...................................................................................................43
' x( \6 _* e. ^( m7.1.1 Definition of the grid..............................................................................................43* s) S1 `2 I8 S
7.1.2 Load Flow Simulation...........................................................................................479 v9 B" _/ r" ~# P1 V" W8 d/ w
PART C: SIMULATE 49
h" a! b6 i; k! C7 `8 J. q6 H8. Constant Wind Study.................................................................................................518 P( K+ p l7 J
8.1 Structure the complete model.....................................................................................51
/ q0 L, ^) a& @ r' p2 w8.2 Constant wind study....................................................................................................53
6 {# ^' g, ^; z9. Fault Analysis.............................................................................................................559 i" r; g; W! f# ^ w7 x& u
9.1 Default at Node 3........................................................................................................56
7 f( W& M2 l6 T I9.1.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................56( e. g( r9 p9 G% U
9.1.2 With DG connected at node 1..............................................................................57 d2 Q1 }" A& s. F; H
9.2 Default at Node 2........................................................................................................59' @1 d3 b: D8 D g; ^! e D
9.2.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................59! B! R& v4 |0 B' H/ ~9 r0 m
9.2.2 With DG connected at node 3..............................................................................59& ^4 f! j8 a% _* b' [7 I9 v
9.3 Conclusion..................................................................................................................61
5 k, j, q0 e0 E7 G2 [10. Variable wind study....................................................................................................63. @7 p/ E; S( N* [7 Q: M
10.1 Dynamic pitch control..................................................................................................63
2 @; M, _5 [9 t. I10.2 Passive pitch control simulation..................................................................................67
% S e! J: i3 w9 ~3 R, r3 Q' ^10.3 Comparison of passive and dynamic pitch control......................................................69
6 V, L$ q: o2 @# J7 a11. Wind farm...................................................................................................................71! g! W; [& f* [9 U v( K
11.1 From a single wind turbine to a wind farm..................................................................72
* m; W! |: v9 y9 P4 N( y: r11.1.1 Change the structure of the model.......................................................................72
3 w4 p H+ H! v11.1.2 Modifications in the synchronous generator.........................................................73
6 t4 T3 l# b9 l5 c11.1.3 Modifications in the transformer...........................................................................74
# s. A6 f/ x8 T- h+ H' s8 p$ P4 R11.1.4 Modifications in the grid........................................................................................74
& z" l5 R* f' n/ O11.2 PWM Regulation drives...............................................................................................75
. g5 A3 P+ K6 U5 [3 n$ H11.2.1 Principles..............................................................................................................757 h; T( g2 u U2 ]- J* o
11.2.2 Generation of the triangular waveform.................................................................75$ _8 f: Z: ?6 X0 |. g! d9 Q+ v
11.2.3 Generation of the reference..................................................................................79
' o2 A( C: w" v11.2.4 Generation of the firing pulses for the GTO inverter............................................83/ `) C6 J; P7 N- q! C x
11.3 Simulation 858 y, h) r7 e' p
PART D: APPENDIX 87, R5 S! H' d; x/ `; e
12. References.................................................................................................................89 |
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