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PART A: INTRODUCTION 1
; h- j- \1 `5 ^( |0 _1. Introduction..................................................................................................................38 n; k& V4 `3 C9 g0 R% o; l
2. pscad components....................................................................................................5
: l! i" i: I4 N4 j+ \, h3. Modelled structure.......................................................................................................7
% J" R A- R2 j8 Y4 ~4. Simulations performed.................................................................................................9
3 L2 D! p" Q$ kPART B: BUILD THE MODEL 11
, C$ L, Y" v8 |$ t* U# p3 a5. From the wind to the Synchronous Generator...........................................................13
% L! m, ]+ ^' l0 b+ ?" }6 Z! I$ G5.1 The Wind Source.........................................................................................................14; y* b) |# R& \9 B' R8 _% I% C) P1 |. @
5.2 The wind turbine component.......................................................................................15; q$ R( ?6 L2 }! I6 x
5.2.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................150 Y* _) Z8 S, Y/ B' \% M9 u
5.2.2 Cp curve with PSCAD standard model.................................................................16' \7 ^4 G Y. s1 }8 R# l
5.2.3 Computation of parameters...................................................................................17" v3 W4 Z9 k$ _4 b8 [
5.2.4 Define the Wind turbine parameters.....................................................................188 I# q/ U+ R9 x5 ? T% t
5.3 Wind turbine governor component..............................................................................19
% |% U9 A! R4 [" H4 z' b: ?5 r5.3.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................19
3 C) x3 e% H$ @* o, f5.3.2 Define the Wind governor parameters..................................................................20* |0 @! S$ p6 H. F( _) e
5.4 The synchronous generator.........................................................................................21
" S; g: S9 X3 ]5 |1 o5.5 Turbine generator connection: Simulation at rated load..............................................24
7 m% L) T9 E! f& F1 P3 ~" O# OSimulation parameters & analysis :......................................................................................24
9 E# M2 Q2 X' r. Z7 C7 L1 B. d6. AC/DC/AC : Power and Frequency conversion.........................................................27
* C O3 f& V3 d0 }, f2 e! k6.1 Diode Rectifier.............................................................................................................28, I; A$ w" [/ ]9 t* w( t
6.2 Overvoltage protection................................................................................................30 r$ e5 s: r+ \+ M
6.3 DC bus.........................................................................................................................31
6 e" i; i$ Z b+ l6.3.1 Build the DC bus....................................................................................................314 a) t4 A3 ?3 K# O$ Y, n$ j* z
6.3.2 Model validation.....................................................................................................32, h' b q/ J, ]& K& o
6.4 6-Pulse Thyristor inverter............................................................................................34 WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS PAGE A8 ]$ L; b Z/ i* N3 L' E3 j) g# l
PSCAD®4.020 X9 E! N, u2 c" E9 u9 I
Introduction1 ]8 E6 n( w# t8 b$ X) j1 X+ ^3 {9 r
6.4.1 Presentation..........................................................................................................34% w# }2 y$ m1 K6 b) y/ m2 w; z
6.4.2 Voltage collapse limitation....................................................................................36
( Q+ }% U3 y) h5 `1 b7 @/ y. v6.4.3 Voltage regulation.................................................................................................37: R& ?. p% `( _" g1 i& I6 a: a
6.5 Connection to the network..........................................................................................40
9 e& b% N" A) V( I; E7. The distribution grid...................................................................................................435 d+ f6 s; U2 D8 h( D6 _
7.1.1 Definition of the grid..............................................................................................43
( U' t! W+ z9 j7.1.2 Load Flow Simulation...........................................................................................47
+ `. q* j: a0 D; ]5 oPART C: SIMULATE 49* Z6 B! Y( \. ^* P/ \0 z
8. Constant Wind Study.................................................................................................51
$ \5 F3 U B2 e) D% x& q, ^8.1 Structure the complete model.....................................................................................519 | k% r! L/ F3 {
8.2 Constant wind study....................................................................................................53* ?. g3 }* Q0 P# t. S: J7 C& ^
9. Fault Analysis.............................................................................................................55- _, j" g! {8 t% |* \
9.1 Default at Node 3........................................................................................................56
`6 P! A$ U& }+ @9.1.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................569 ]9 l" T* T# T8 o T( h/ ]. |2 H' Z; g
9.1.2 With DG connected at node 1..............................................................................57
3 s* ]' K! W( i' m! d9.2 Default at Node 2........................................................................................................59, T( d. T( t3 ]1 t
9.2.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................59$ x4 a9 v: H( X+ R1 x
9.2.2 With DG connected at node 3..............................................................................59
2 T: |, n5 J$ t1 ]$ O; L' |- `9.3 Conclusion..................................................................................................................61
# V4 N2 p: t) ]6 n0 ^; j+ z10. Variable wind study....................................................................................................63
0 ^5 T6 c$ `; p( s5 u$ ~10.1 Dynamic pitch control..................................................................................................63
! Z. i$ ?4 P- k9 @" W m10.2 Passive pitch control simulation..................................................................................67
* C6 y. R- N! U4 C' s4 e* j$ v10.3 Comparison of passive and dynamic pitch control......................................................69$ q2 P$ v! v( X' S
11. Wind farm...................................................................................................................71, F; z1 Q/ Y( g9 r
11.1 From a single wind turbine to a wind farm..................................................................72
( K( r$ a" v% R o, k5 j; E11.1.1 Change the structure of the model.......................................................................72+ F) E( n/ {* u3 l b
11.1.2 Modifications in the synchronous generator.........................................................73+ d% H4 f) g- D$ p% O
11.1.3 Modifications in the transformer...........................................................................74
0 H! K3 o0 _/ s11.1.4 Modifications in the grid........................................................................................74: |2 k5 j6 |1 c. T- v( U+ q
11.2 PWM Regulation drives...............................................................................................75
0 L' g- [( ]5 G; y11.2.1 Principles..............................................................................................................75
3 ?0 ~" s' k9 _1 o11.2.2 Generation of the triangular waveform.................................................................75
2 q2 E+ B* _" M4 i% b* k11.2.3 Generation of the reference..................................................................................79; }, W: W& i2 @" ^$ D- [ _6 K, N$ T
11.2.4 Generation of the firing pulses for the GTO inverter............................................83
0 A5 a; P- @0 E/ _' ?11.3 Simulation 85
X& ?3 W0 `) q- N% HPART D: APPENDIX 87' d, q% M2 p4 f: U8 w$ n
12. References.................................................................................................................89 |
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