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PART A: INTRODUCTION 1( k5 \" z& F/ S9 i" O9 J6 W5 T" M _$ f
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................3
( R& @1 I3 b, ?" l: ~2. pscad components....................................................................................................5
! f8 C4 z1 X3 T7 o& M3. Modelled structure.......................................................................................................7& V" }3 K. p' l) v8 H
4. Simulations performed.................................................................................................99 h$ ?5 ]8 F+ \: @) h2 `
PART B: BUILD THE MODEL 11
$ V5 R3 K, ]. d/ Z& \$ L' h5. From the wind to the Synchronous Generator...........................................................13" y% N" e& I" y" j
5.1 The Wind Source.........................................................................................................14! a- J" Y$ X# B; z# [, D- ?% d/ G' q+ \
5.2 The wind turbine component.......................................................................................15" A# J* G1 w( i2 M
5.2.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................15# b1 |$ @& ^7 X7 c9 v
5.2.2 Cp curve with PSCAD standard model.................................................................16
2 m0 n" T+ d/ Y( z% \5.2.3 Computation of parameters...................................................................................17
/ Z1 d- E" E% ^1 I& u5.2.4 Define the Wind turbine parameters.....................................................................18* k3 a( Y( w5 A8 q
5.3 Wind turbine governor component..............................................................................19
" \% J- o/ P9 C+ o# h; I5.3.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................19
2 s" j% Z% v ^/ L! B5.3.2 Define the Wind governor parameters..................................................................200 @) w- M! J( Y: A/ X
5.4 The synchronous generator.........................................................................................218 U9 K( @1 o/ z! P' ?. v' D
5.5 Turbine generator connection: Simulation at rated load..............................................248 [+ d, `0 K' \6 I2 F5 P& i, S
Simulation parameters & analysis :......................................................................................24
Y$ q4 j+ F/ F: _; B& j6. AC/DC/AC : Power and Frequency conversion.........................................................27
" e. `2 p. h2 ^& m0 u. l6.1 Diode Rectifier.............................................................................................................28
: W6 Y: O" x; D( N6.2 Overvoltage protection................................................................................................30
# ?6 a3 }8 V4 a) @6.3 DC bus.........................................................................................................................31
1 b7 T. \- `1 X6.3.1 Build the DC bus....................................................................................................31
) S0 ~) X p% i: P- f6.3.2 Model validation.....................................................................................................32% E, n( Q: g: p: _8 _& X
6.4 6-Pulse Thyristor inverter............................................................................................34 WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS PAGE A9 A7 ^5 a$ v8 ^- N( H
PSCAD®4.02
% c+ \8 T4 h( s$ s f+ n) W9 _: lIntroduction: S8 W$ r c# g4 r9 i! ]) k7 i& N1 c
6.4.1 Presentation..........................................................................................................34- l# W" }( H( k. \) d
6.4.2 Voltage collapse limitation....................................................................................36
: w( H% M+ R% N4 q6.4.3 Voltage regulation.................................................................................................37
" }1 F* C6 e, x3 K6.5 Connection to the network..........................................................................................40
1 C$ g6 m5 s6 r) _) \. ^7. The distribution grid...................................................................................................43/ E3 U- I% Q i, ^4 ?9 d
7.1.1 Definition of the grid..............................................................................................43
. S' K+ S7 b# R. ~7.1.2 Load Flow Simulation...........................................................................................47+ n/ q m4 x4 M1 O4 u
PART C: SIMULATE 49
$ B# d7 Q' c6 ]# z; ?: X# h: I8. Constant Wind Study.................................................................................................51
, y' Q L! b! p8.1 Structure the complete model.....................................................................................51
) r: e5 p. T1 L! z" r" I. {8.2 Constant wind study....................................................................................................53
" w- W% b, _% n. ~9. Fault Analysis.............................................................................................................550 D& B" P3 o0 F5 F: j+ U7 D
9.1 Default at Node 3........................................................................................................56
; W+ O+ E( ~* r! E& r9.1.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................563 X/ S' o/ A! U) J8 Z
9.1.2 With DG connected at node 1..............................................................................57
- z/ K1 c Z7 j# n9.2 Default at Node 2........................................................................................................59
6 H) F# V3 j( w9.2.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................59 Q! c+ u. k1 ^& C
9.2.2 With DG connected at node 3..............................................................................59
3 |2 D- b) _% ~) g6 B! z9.3 Conclusion..................................................................................................................61
b3 F; V1 @- g0 A10. Variable wind study....................................................................................................633 O5 c1 M Q) X1 N/ [; }
10.1 Dynamic pitch control..................................................................................................63$ b6 c9 |8 ?6 A! [: s6 r7 T' ?
10.2 Passive pitch control simulation..................................................................................67/ ]/ e4 j/ h: U5 O2 n! @* w9 G% }3 y
10.3 Comparison of passive and dynamic pitch control......................................................69; ~4 b/ f) A1 F. u8 y
11. Wind farm...................................................................................................................716 J) o; q: H6 E6 R2 P5 K2 y
11.1 From a single wind turbine to a wind farm..................................................................72 D7 i3 N$ f; ?" q+ r
11.1.1 Change the structure of the model.......................................................................72
5 D; i# k* T, R' f& o7 b11.1.2 Modifications in the synchronous generator.........................................................73
) V+ ^: m9 @$ G( p1 A11.1.3 Modifications in the transformer...........................................................................743 P4 d. I/ ~- R w# I9 R% R) C; t
11.1.4 Modifications in the grid........................................................................................74
, N% ^$ H. K9 M( w+ w; o1 j! s. @11.2 PWM Regulation drives...............................................................................................75; a! r, Z7 y6 S, ~
11.2.1 Principles..............................................................................................................75. G$ T+ @. A* ]
11.2.2 Generation of the triangular waveform.................................................................75
- O) Q/ X. |# A3 |5 @; ^, R7 C11.2.3 Generation of the reference..................................................................................79! S0 q* s6 M. P9 Y) w1 x7 R- n# \
11.2.4 Generation of the firing pulses for the GTO inverter............................................83
; p! R4 E8 [2 P0 {1 Q/ R# B11.3 Simulation 859 T9 s5 R/ y4 K9 }# f) Y$ {
PART D: APPENDIX 87
6 s5 m$ ?; z) B3 o; [$ K12. References.................................................................................................................89 |
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