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PART A: INTRODUCTION 1
- [* G6 d' U3 \ U* q5 ^1. Introduction..................................................................................................................34 e; G/ b/ G4 T# K
2. pscad components....................................................................................................58 k2 ^1 ^( u3 r8 B1 m# i3 x- }# u) k
3. Modelled structure.......................................................................................................7* R/ O: j. m- h% V: ^/ Q
4. Simulations performed.................................................................................................9
7 ?; g" Y1 X! q4 i4 x6 VPART B: BUILD THE MODEL 113 ?3 v* k9 L0 G$ I, {( o" w
5. From the wind to the Synchronous Generator...........................................................13 L0 C. c! ^' h$ }- }7 ` h' s
5.1 The Wind Source.........................................................................................................14
5 J7 Q% u: T7 ~8 S5.2 The wind turbine component.......................................................................................157 d1 D, I: d0 @( A, T y
5.2.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................15
* o6 u& i8 l/ u" s6 r g" o; o5.2.2 Cp curve with PSCAD standard model.................................................................16
: S: K5 D; h6 f) N+ l5.2.3 Computation of parameters...................................................................................17$ x) a2 B+ q0 q% X: Y
5.2.4 Define the Wind turbine parameters.....................................................................18
& {; g& \% L" K6 A x- X7 |5.3 Wind turbine governor component..............................................................................19
$ R! x! g! y6 w2 Y3 i) N" v5.3.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................19% O, X6 l& _3 C4 f, [2 R
5.3.2 Define the Wind governor parameters..................................................................20( |5 k& Y) T0 c
5.4 The synchronous generator.........................................................................................21
# }6 x0 X1 p H* }5.5 Turbine generator connection: Simulation at rated load..............................................24
* u3 k4 Z ^& ?% G' |& |Simulation parameters & analysis :......................................................................................24& x8 n+ k+ n4 X' B( O
6. AC/DC/AC : Power and Frequency conversion.........................................................27" F) ]! j2 d8 B+ l
6.1 Diode Rectifier.............................................................................................................28- \) o W0 H# W9 L/ w2 L
6.2 Overvoltage protection................................................................................................30
R9 _+ b5 {& y; q+ K" D8 Q+ n6.3 DC bus.........................................................................................................................31
* k3 ?( v# P; S4 q! }* t6.3.1 Build the DC bus....................................................................................................31
" Z7 R0 i) W P7 L% A0 [' B6.3.2 Model validation.....................................................................................................322 D+ i, U5 M2 R$ q- f$ L6 [
6.4 6-Pulse Thyristor inverter............................................................................................34 WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS PAGE A
/ e" S5 b$ I+ \# mPSCAD®4.02
7 H) T+ O+ ~+ p+ {" hIntroduction; Z" ]! I6 ^$ b8 e9 ^/ }& p
6.4.1 Presentation..........................................................................................................34# M" E, ^: ^, ^
6.4.2 Voltage collapse limitation....................................................................................36. S6 v+ Q! t# N+ ~/ f f
6.4.3 Voltage regulation.................................................................................................375 Y8 a( b+ D9 Z6 K
6.5 Connection to the network..........................................................................................40
# h# L$ u, R$ `. u; O3 N4 N7. The distribution grid...................................................................................................43
$ i* {1 x0 I9 g* p5 n6 a$ v7.1.1 Definition of the grid..............................................................................................43
$ F/ X5 ^5 }0 S7.1.2 Load Flow Simulation...........................................................................................47
5 y* C8 ^+ V' }) [( }PART C: SIMULATE 49
9 N' @, P: r* ?6 X- w8. Constant Wind Study.................................................................................................511 w* Y, _0 q/ H$ d1 r4 S0 z* |
8.1 Structure the complete model.....................................................................................51( V9 i0 L- Y4 B) S; Q
8.2 Constant wind study....................................................................................................53( h* R* t& q* w: ?. y- ? ^: M
9. Fault Analysis.............................................................................................................55& h) e8 w9 E+ g3 t, f
9.1 Default at Node 3........................................................................................................56 |0 o* q5 o' k6 p8 ]) J$ C
9.1.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................56
o% Q+ T3 o) S g8 ]9.1.2 With DG connected at node 1..............................................................................57
. Z- r$ h+ A& h( O9.2 Default at Node 2........................................................................................................590 t4 s O4 ~, h6 j$ |& K4 f
9.2.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................59& _1 a6 r' I' g# U; }0 o% ^
9.2.2 With DG connected at node 3..............................................................................59
6 I" ^: ]* G3 Z1 I$ T/ v( }9.3 Conclusion..................................................................................................................61! q9 e$ q) O! e# s
10. Variable wind study....................................................................................................63* @2 A) _. R; @& g( g `/ k7 K
10.1 Dynamic pitch control..................................................................................................63; q9 r0 ^) v+ y, f8 P! Q$ l& n
10.2 Passive pitch control simulation..................................................................................67: t; s g, y( u% I* f( T
10.3 Comparison of passive and dynamic pitch control......................................................692 y2 }# T$ m! e
11. Wind farm...................................................................................................................71
1 {; ?+ k$ {3 k+ v+ _/ l6 b11.1 From a single wind turbine to a wind farm..................................................................72
3 c0 X0 |2 P! d1 v" v11.1.1 Change the structure of the model.......................................................................728 W, [# `' z' _* Y4 X; D" X
11.1.2 Modifications in the synchronous generator.........................................................73
( ]. `6 }. G% P11.1.3 Modifications in the transformer...........................................................................74" c- v8 E: d Q. [! B
11.1.4 Modifications in the grid........................................................................................740 i/ O: p3 L) \+ h2 L
11.2 PWM Regulation drives...............................................................................................75- \5 y$ A& f# j
11.2.1 Principles..............................................................................................................75
; o* J2 k) \& P6 y& l; D11.2.2 Generation of the triangular waveform.................................................................75
4 q$ z" Q* V2 k0 k- g2 U11.2.3 Generation of the reference..................................................................................79* O9 o+ ~6 e+ r9 s; y6 T
11.2.4 Generation of the firing pulses for the GTO inverter............................................83
) ~: P) Y0 M$ v, @11.3 Simulation 85
$ |) S) C6 u) P- h2 G( i( l0 nPART D: APPENDIX 87" R( c' H4 v& H
12. References.................................................................................................................89 |
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