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论文文献
标题: |
WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS TECHNICAL PAPER |
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风电 |
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WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS TECHNICAL PAPER |
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2 l; N8 A! Q. c; n) PPART A: INTRODUCTION 1 - [; d7 |" i! E K1 e
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................3
- t/ M6 E/ z$ s! _2. pscad components....................................................................................................5 * \0 ?' p# w/ C8 Q- Z& U
3. Modelled structure .......................................................................................................7 1 |: F5 | T+ {: d9 U& G
4. Simulations performed.................................................................................................9 2 \* |7 ~5 f: [5 y3 V
PART B: BUILD THE MODEL 11 " a9 Q. w: U/ `
5. From the wind to the Synchronous Generator ...........................................................13
7 B: P+ u5 J* P0 a* u9 Q V4 h5.1 The Wind Source.........................................................................................................14
! v# V9 k7 i1 u5 }" h5.2 The wind turbine component .......................................................................................15 * p2 L( {$ ~7 e( l
5.2.1 Theoretical study ...................................................................................................15
1 v: W: `$ G- {5.2.2 Cp curve with PSCAD standard model .................................................................16
* U) R* d; a# _+ H7 W9 o W5.2.3 Computation of parameters...................................................................................17 5 F; F0 ]5 G4 `
5.2.4 Define the Wind turbine parameters .....................................................................18
$ I! Y- K2 R! `5 _+ M5.3 Wind turbine governor component ..............................................................................19 $ w7 K4 u1 X$ ]
5.3.1 Theoretical study ...................................................................................................19 8 z! \3 B7 `3 G9 I
5.3.2 Define the Wind governor parameters ..................................................................20 2 J0 K) z9 Z/ u. S% v$ u
5.4 The synchronous generator.........................................................................................21
& K# a$ k& H5 i( _0 R @5.5 Turbine generator connection: Simulation at rated load..............................................24 + b; k, I9 t% O5 n5 B( i: ]
Simulation parameters & analysis : ......................................................................................24
5 G+ J, n# F* @) `5 X% {% y5 G6. AC/DC/AC : Power and Frequency conversion .........................................................27
3 B l$ z: W0 b. k; d# a2 n: G6.1 Diode Rectifier .............................................................................................................28 6 [; ^+ @4 _) d+ E
6.2 Overvoltage protection ................................................................................................30
3 @% O9 n3 b% U) S3 w6.3 DC bus.........................................................................................................................31 : W' m0 w0 N( n/ {) c/ J& Q: A8 t
6.3.1 Build the DC bus....................................................................................................31 , ~/ M+ K6 P- _3 a
6.3.2 Model validation.....................................................................................................32 " K9 k; d& z4 Y( H/ W
6.4 6-Pulse Thyristor inverter ............................................................................................34
5 e/ z7 s; L5 c |! B1 b# z- _6.4.1 Presentation.......................................................................................................... 34
) X$ V. g" g- L4 Q% b4 a& t' D6.4.2 Voltage collapse limitation .................................................................................... 36
9 @3 H* D+ p9 W: N# {# A1 u6.4.3 Voltage regulation................................................................................................. 37
1 _: N% [! s! M" H+ s6.5 Connection to the network ..........................................................................................40 " M- O7 Y1 c4 R9 u2 h' u
7. The distribution grid ...................................................................................................43
$ c. s0 l4 ^ a' A7.1.1 Definition of the grid.............................................................................................. 43 + @2 B. M _9 q! L, @
7.1.2 Load Flow Simulation ........................................................................................... 47 + w. M& d1 R9 X# o
PART C: SIMULATE 49 ( s" M5 j( P' c: h9 r
8. Constant Wind Study .................................................................................................51
3 L4 \# r' D2 ?$ j; ~6 h. b8.1 Structure the complete model .....................................................................................51
+ q) e1 q+ p/ W5 ]: L, A8.2 Constant wind study....................................................................................................53 # J. Q1 {0 W3 z3 z" z2 w" S% F
9. Fault Analysis.............................................................................................................55
6 L, h A4 _# y G- r9.1 Default at Node 3 ........................................................................................................56
. b5 a' B& W g0 l9.1.1 Without DG........................................................................................................... 56 9 L& }0 K0 y- c# d- M5 n7 ~
9.1.2 With DG connected at node 1 .............................................................................. 57 , s9 z2 |& M1 h7 ~5 N" v
9.2 Default at Node 2 ........................................................................................................59 ( Q( U }9 j: C# B" y+ X6 [
9.2.1 Without DG........................................................................................................... 59
2 P; L( E" a6 Z, E# y3 D9.2.2 With DG connected at node 3 .............................................................................. 59 / b8 }2 a8 R! N3 a( b x( z
9.3 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................61 6 k O6 b, g0 L: o9 ~% g9 X) U
10. Variable wind study....................................................................................................63
' {5 I2 O! ^/ r0 P10.1 Dynamic pitch control ..................................................................................................63
+ H) f2 I" n! r10.2 Passive pitch control simulation ..................................................................................67 ) c1 C9 a" f8 W
10.3 Comparison of passive and dynamic pitch control ......................................................69
7 J% p) }' Q, Q8 x0 z11. Wind farm...................................................................................................................71 t b* G" ^$ d( t
11.1 From a single wind turbine to a wind farm ..................................................................72 0 k% j! |/ M# K5 I. V
11.1.1 Change the structure of the model ....................................................................... 72 - S( d7 D' y! g! L e
11.1.2 Modifications in the synchronous generator......................................................... 73
$ U/ \. Z: S* L( o, r& h& w; O11.1.3 Modifications in the transformer ........................................................................... 74 5 k; @. H7 }' R- o' L5 J. a; q
11.1.4 Modifications in the grid........................................................................................ 74 ; T6 q/ F4 l8 Q0 ~$ \
11.2 PWM Regulation drives...............................................................................................75 4 Q! i: m' d' B$ Z! j2 G
11.2.1 Principles .............................................................................................................. 75
' I8 v1 `8 w: x/ I11.2.2 Generation of the triangular waveform................................................................. 75 5 C9 n3 B: t' {: ^/ v1 H! X3 `
11.2.3 Generation of the reference.................................................................................. 79
6 T' ^+ u# c* f9 E" A11.2.4 Generation of the firing pulses for the GTO inverter ............................................ 83
" g4 G/ h n( O3 G& W* j11.3 Simulation 85
* ~5 c) E) T9 K$ ^0 nPART D: APPENDIX 87 ' Z- S9 g' m% K# o7 y
12. References.................................................................................................................89 |
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