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论文文献
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WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS TECHNICAL PAPER |
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| 所属专业方向: |
风电 |
| 摘要: |
WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS TECHNICAL PAPER |
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/ ~) T8 H, L7 Z2 M" VPART A: INTRODUCTION 1
1 k2 y) D1 T9 {1. Introduction..................................................................................................................3
& h; M7 J, R' \ O) H% b2. pscad components....................................................................................................5
! | i# r7 i7 _- q! N3. Modelled structure .......................................................................................................7
8 Z& E, Y! _, V4 }' ~; p4. Simulations performed.................................................................................................9 , [ D7 m. ^ w
PART B: BUILD THE MODEL 11 * X) q) \. ~) M
5. From the wind to the Synchronous Generator ...........................................................13
; _* n# y y7 L; D5.1 The Wind Source.........................................................................................................14 4 N8 Y1 k( ?% ~( S
5.2 The wind turbine component .......................................................................................15
8 \5 x4 A' q) f8 P6 ~9 B7 |5.2.1 Theoretical study ...................................................................................................15 9 [9 K: P& ^# [% {0 J# V* t
5.2.2 Cp curve with PSCAD standard model .................................................................16 8 N5 H" U. y$ G1 J9 M+ [
5.2.3 Computation of parameters...................................................................................17 " w1 |9 D- {' e5 m9 k
5.2.4 Define the Wind turbine parameters .....................................................................18
9 m+ y3 U$ T) k; `2 m& S5.3 Wind turbine governor component ..............................................................................19 1 \. g8 c8 D2 P8 N, \) ?
5.3.1 Theoretical study ...................................................................................................19 l4 k/ u+ a( h
5.3.2 Define the Wind governor parameters ..................................................................20
1 G: ]# o0 J! l" X; N8 [2 a# {5.4 The synchronous generator.........................................................................................21
! r& T$ |- ~ d' V/ m5.5 Turbine generator connection: Simulation at rated load..............................................24
* R7 f' G: ~5 ], s* w1 j6 RSimulation parameters & analysis : ......................................................................................24 / b, ?/ O# W( o t4 `
6. AC/DC/AC : Power and Frequency conversion .........................................................27 ' C& a- Q, ?" T* o8 `5 U; J' t
6.1 Diode Rectifier .............................................................................................................28 % r+ D$ V& i t I+ S E
6.2 Overvoltage protection ................................................................................................30
5 X! B Y9 N1 N4 M0 D, ^6.3 DC bus.........................................................................................................................31
: w# S$ i- t" N4 W; G6.3.1 Build the DC bus....................................................................................................31 / I& b" K: ?; I5 V3 _: r8 q# Y" B
6.3.2 Model validation.....................................................................................................32
7 x' ?& a0 [( x. ]6.4 6-Pulse Thyristor inverter ............................................................................................34 6 t9 n" g3 X$ \: h! s/ R
6.4.1 Presentation.......................................................................................................... 34
/ x, N8 B5 N, B) r7 T6.4.2 Voltage collapse limitation .................................................................................... 36 , z! g7 R: J- v" T% ~) R# @
6.4.3 Voltage regulation................................................................................................. 37 7 b4 J8 g5 v8 Q( Z4 z+ [
6.5 Connection to the network ..........................................................................................40
5 ~& y- c/ f/ l. g9 x7 l7 m8 B7. The distribution grid ...................................................................................................43
3 \$ V! h4 @' U0 z9 `1 T% B8 V7.1.1 Definition of the grid.............................................................................................. 43
3 [2 F, q. a5 O0 b0 T7.1.2 Load Flow Simulation ........................................................................................... 47 : q; w' C" Y8 Y% `7 Q1 |6 u4 M# A
PART C: SIMULATE 49
& V- O/ \# ~1 f2 U' \8. Constant Wind Study .................................................................................................51 9 w: s' U6 E, ]% D
8.1 Structure the complete model .....................................................................................51
4 L7 f$ @, Y/ [' N3 y- {8.2 Constant wind study....................................................................................................53
% X. \* d* B. _0 D9. Fault Analysis.............................................................................................................55
+ H2 c N% t8 ]( _" I9.1 Default at Node 3 ........................................................................................................56
& y* k8 S# m) y0 W9.1.1 Without DG........................................................................................................... 56
. g r0 j. f% T: f& D' |9.1.2 With DG connected at node 1 .............................................................................. 57 7 q8 |2 ? N: e7 G
9.2 Default at Node 2 ........................................................................................................59 % r4 V2 R/ c6 `
9.2.1 Without DG........................................................................................................... 59
# B/ l3 z" \- x, Y( v$ i/ T% W9.2.2 With DG connected at node 3 .............................................................................. 59 L/ F: _( j8 d, e# M
9.3 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................61 $ {5 i- T( ]! p) N
10. Variable wind study....................................................................................................63 / I+ @% {7 o$ D; U# `
10.1 Dynamic pitch control ..................................................................................................63
7 t$ T6 d5 R. B8 P. O- q- O5 i10.2 Passive pitch control simulation ..................................................................................67
" Y) O" F% h* i& [4 e8 b10.3 Comparison of passive and dynamic pitch control ......................................................69
9 D* ?# O$ F& L11. Wind farm...................................................................................................................71 % u9 B7 j* q5 J# d1 a! l+ i- B7 `( W
11.1 From a single wind turbine to a wind farm ..................................................................72
r; {$ f! Y' G& _: m11.1.1 Change the structure of the model ....................................................................... 72
, W4 @/ z# {8 r2 n3 w/ ?6 r11.1.2 Modifications in the synchronous generator......................................................... 73 & h) Q1 h0 Y! Z4 V" J( Q# L
11.1.3 Modifications in the transformer ........................................................................... 74 ' V/ x8 L8 g9 k
11.1.4 Modifications in the grid........................................................................................ 74
0 D6 s, G4 f" H5 O7 U- O- |; I11.2 PWM Regulation drives...............................................................................................75
7 E' |2 [ g+ ]# \+ @11.2.1 Principles .............................................................................................................. 75 ; K: E" k# H6 J" h! O
11.2.2 Generation of the triangular waveform................................................................. 75 0 k8 V8 t4 @& X) p' J/ j1 s
11.2.3 Generation of the reference.................................................................................. 79
1 {; R! C# x( I# }2 `3 X11.2.4 Generation of the firing pulses for the GTO inverter ............................................ 83
; i' Y/ P# t/ i) r7 A11.3 Simulation 859 k/ h- j* w( o# \
PART D: APPENDIX 87
+ b1 m# c ~* x( }12. References.................................................................................................................89 |
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