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论文文献
| 标题: |
WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS TECHNICAL PAPER |
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| 所属专业方向: |
风电 |
| 摘要: |
WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS TECHNICAL PAPER |
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5 {* x, B% P9 c+ L( S# G* V& HPART A: INTRODUCTION 1 ( H, W, `7 }5 ^ W( _
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................3 5 a' d, h7 ]5 N7 @
2. PSCAD components....................................................................................................5
% c0 F/ s' x! T/ y" I0 r3. Modelled structure .......................................................................................................7 & p- f% b4 O: P. H" @/ W% I
4. Simulations performed.................................................................................................9 : ^) P( b" V1 j* A: R
PART B: BUILD THE MODEL 11
' T( X# I3 {0 J5 G5. From the wind to the Synchronous Generator ...........................................................13 ! t& S5 s z% h( u4 k* N9 h( [0 \
5.1 The Wind Source.........................................................................................................14 6 C6 {, d* G' {. Y" \8 Y" w1 P
5.2 The wind turbine component .......................................................................................15
X2 e9 B {: w5.2.1 Theoretical study ...................................................................................................15 # ^# H/ t# ?7 [. K9 T
5.2.2 Cp curve with PSCAD standard model .................................................................16
( ~) x: i8 ~+ K' f/ ]( `5.2.3 Computation of parameters...................................................................................17
- ?3 j) Z# v5 F1 U; ^6 ]5.2.4 Define the Wind turbine parameters .....................................................................18 0 t4 w9 m) h$ K
5.3 Wind turbine governor component ..............................................................................19 , i4 x- y5 a# P7 t- }
5.3.1 Theoretical study ...................................................................................................19 * \1 r5 Q. C( ~+ }- ^3 `1 Z- Y
5.3.2 Define the Wind governor parameters ..................................................................20 , p. v1 ?: ]2 {2 `7 `2 Y
5.4 The synchronous generator.........................................................................................21 % v1 q+ A# X- Q
5.5 Turbine generator connection: Simulation at rated load..............................................24
6 U. w$ q6 E! ?3 \" RSimulation parameters & analysis : ......................................................................................24
( D- K7 y( j0 L$ X/ L! L: e6. AC/DC/AC : Power and Frequency conversion .........................................................27
1 t% Q! c6 Q( |! y( B' B3 U* A6.1 Diode Rectifier .............................................................................................................28 : u) Y1 k- a% s& h
6.2 Overvoltage protection ................................................................................................30
: Z: x l% n. f3 n2 I* q6.3 DC bus.........................................................................................................................31
# m1 d% {& s3 \: i o6.3.1 Build the DC bus....................................................................................................31 ; j4 h, z# b4 H0 ^4 n' Y. b
6.3.2 Model validation.....................................................................................................32
3 k4 T: r+ }: s' U, k {6.4 6-Pulse Thyristor inverter ............................................................................................34
& W$ M, {, N* w% w8 H/ b1 ]7 u5 \6.4.1 Presentation.......................................................................................................... 34
7 d' M3 h& ]- k/ m# ?$ T% j6.4.2 Voltage collapse limitation .................................................................................... 36 ! ^& z6 I& S _* k+ I$ i( D" c
6.4.3 Voltage regulation................................................................................................. 37
% s# D1 O7 G2 s3 r" X8 S6.5 Connection to the network ..........................................................................................40
. \* }3 n' b0 v! _2 c4 Q7. The distribution grid ...................................................................................................43
7 r# C4 T$ K; d; \7.1.1 Definition of the grid.............................................................................................. 43 2 _( f8 r2 r# V$ x$ F8 F3 |. _8 l* N
7.1.2 Load Flow Simulation ........................................................................................... 47 ' M1 T! x! D" z. g$ D3 i6 X
PART C: SIMULATE 49
" A0 G7 t5 l% [ G8. Constant Wind Study .................................................................................................51 8 l# V$ R; T* `4 s, t" Q$ l' D1 J
8.1 Structure the complete model .....................................................................................51
0 U& y$ B" l% B) x: [8 ?8.2 Constant wind study....................................................................................................53 5 v, g# N( `: @9 J
9. Fault Analysis.............................................................................................................55
% g7 W. A0 N& C: G; D; {0 _9 Y9.1 Default at Node 3 ........................................................................................................56
0 D6 K% B% ]" _# F' F1 W; `. p9.1.1 Without DG........................................................................................................... 56 " t+ @) F" k7 V- L9 ?! e0 h
9.1.2 With DG connected at node 1 .............................................................................. 57 2 r- N3 l9 |( o
9.2 Default at Node 2 ........................................................................................................59 8 s, Y) W, D; [, f0 e
9.2.1 Without DG........................................................................................................... 59 $ Y* s8 `* p) T2 z' S% M- p2 f4 A8 h
9.2.2 With DG connected at node 3 .............................................................................. 59
$ v3 m0 o9 \& i9.3 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................61
2 j% J& F3 `6 f- M5 f10. Variable wind study....................................................................................................63
& |1 {4 A0 S1 v2 M10.1 Dynamic pitch control ..................................................................................................63
( X1 `6 i7 w' O- e1 K) ]: ]/ C; i10.2 Passive pitch control simulation ..................................................................................67
: V% d# A B- G% l1 d+ U10.3 Comparison of passive and dynamic pitch control ......................................................69
4 u3 Q/ R; C5 `% i7 L11. Wind farm...................................................................................................................71 ) b/ Z- a5 O7 U W9 V' L: W
11.1 From a single wind turbine to a wind farm ..................................................................72 4 y, Z0 D# Z/ c) Y: W
11.1.1 Change the structure of the model ....................................................................... 72
6 @ f) S; c# A! e3 u11.1.2 Modifications in the synchronous generator......................................................... 73 - p2 h% |9 z3 g. `
11.1.3 Modifications in the transformer ........................................................................... 74 9 ?) R1 O7 I0 R- P
11.1.4 Modifications in the grid........................................................................................ 74 % L+ J# I# X% {9 M
11.2 PWM Regulation drives...............................................................................................75
( y$ {* Y0 w: [+ H: x9 K) T8 _1 a11.2.1 Principles .............................................................................................................. 75
- S4 b1 s5 S: R) ?6 t5 r w11.2.2 Generation of the triangular waveform................................................................. 75 4 Q8 Q* y6 ^4 E9 @2 C+ z+ m. G
11.2.3 Generation of the reference.................................................................................. 79
$ P/ q0 ? `6 F11.2.4 Generation of the firing pulses for the GTO inverter ............................................ 83 ~; l0 t4 S( I! L
11.3 Simulation 85
9 s. W. g2 f$ s" |. k5 z* hPART D: APPENDIX 87 3 l: I& ?" ~5 o5 q
12. References.................................................................................................................89 |
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