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论文文献
标题: |
WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS TECHNICAL PAPER |
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风电 |
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WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS TECHNICAL PAPER |
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PART A: INTRODUCTION 1
# p5 n+ W6 Z, }9 w& G+ K1 c1. Introduction..................................................................................................................3 $ ~; N1 {- D, ^8 m- l! P% }/ ^' s3 N
2. pscad components....................................................................................................5
# P% \3 w% M: Y4 Y/ u3. Modelled structure .......................................................................................................7
: p0 d6 L. Q6 ^2 \, g; J8 p& B4. Simulations performed.................................................................................................9
0 R. P4 Q& V6 ~( x# v, cPART B: BUILD THE MODEL 11
( \0 D( J! q# l; X$ p5. From the wind to the Synchronous Generator ...........................................................13
3 G* R( Q0 {/ g3 ]( s0 z& O: ^5.1 The Wind Source.........................................................................................................14 / f0 T4 \1 K$ |( K: x! f% _
5.2 The wind turbine component .......................................................................................15
' q8 D2 Z" B. Q* @5.2.1 Theoretical study ...................................................................................................15 * R0 P& A7 ~+ R# ]- x
5.2.2 Cp curve with PSCAD standard model .................................................................16 # u$ {5 s; c6 y9 u1 D4 f4 p7 N- Q
5.2.3 Computation of parameters...................................................................................17
* s% V( B/ i: `5.2.4 Define the Wind turbine parameters .....................................................................18
2 g9 C- p1 Q, _0 f# T5.3 Wind turbine governor component ..............................................................................19 0 s$ [; K# g; p4 v
5.3.1 Theoretical study ...................................................................................................19
- {) s. R, k: H1 a( d4 @5.3.2 Define the Wind governor parameters ..................................................................20 9 P$ R/ _/ B, G) Q. N6 K: i
5.4 The synchronous generator.........................................................................................21 $ ^) ?4 ]' n- Q1 [) P* j5 e" m1 m
5.5 Turbine generator connection: Simulation at rated load..............................................24
4 M; j; X( n4 P! Q9 y d) JSimulation parameters & analysis : ......................................................................................24 ; w$ _0 `9 K$ j
6. AC/DC/AC : Power and Frequency conversion .........................................................27 ( Q+ k! |- I! Q0 N" L
6.1 Diode Rectifier .............................................................................................................28 - F" `) R1 j- B" y
6.2 Overvoltage protection ................................................................................................30 3 k \8 A/ \( [1 @0 x( r9 h _
6.3 DC bus.........................................................................................................................31
; H$ |1 |2 }7 V, H6.3.1 Build the DC bus....................................................................................................31 , N/ p. q. C& `; ^& Q+ [
6.3.2 Model validation.....................................................................................................32 9 N& a: J4 l& X1 n
6.4 6-Pulse Thyristor inverter ............................................................................................34 2 q( Y* f9 ]' m1 _. H5 M) R
6.4.1 Presentation.......................................................................................................... 34 0 X5 T+ |9 s. {0 Z/ n
6.4.2 Voltage collapse limitation .................................................................................... 36 4 }) H' n: ?7 u; n- i7 H5 G
6.4.3 Voltage regulation................................................................................................. 37 . X" N3 \5 G7 i- t
6.5 Connection to the network ..........................................................................................40 : r( ]$ {; w% p
7. The distribution grid ...................................................................................................43
. v! ^( w/ Q0 m& p) s, I0 ]7.1.1 Definition of the grid.............................................................................................. 43
; P: ? u, |+ ~1 U- @; h6 Z8 I7.1.2 Load Flow Simulation ........................................................................................... 47
# a6 C' D" c: I- T( {, B$ O% @PART C: SIMULATE 49
& i& @4 @7 f% P g3 R, @- o* E7 K6 M8. Constant Wind Study .................................................................................................51
; p5 u/ g8 r3 @8.1 Structure the complete model .....................................................................................51
8 ?- y# v" `& H$ j$ r% w9 ]8.2 Constant wind study....................................................................................................53
9 Q, I; s7 \2 @$ A0 W( M4 v7 {9. Fault Analysis.............................................................................................................55 ) o& A2 ^1 B) C8 j/ N
9.1 Default at Node 3 ........................................................................................................56
. p$ `$ k; Y8 S0 A: ]9.1.1 Without DG........................................................................................................... 56
+ l0 f9 O( D0 w) E9.1.2 With DG connected at node 1 .............................................................................. 57 8 a' U& d: s3 ?0 i' i) M
9.2 Default at Node 2 ........................................................................................................59 + V0 e* Y) r7 M
9.2.1 Without DG........................................................................................................... 59
& I- n' V6 @" F8 d2 d; r1 b, ?9.2.2 With DG connected at node 3 .............................................................................. 59
# ^3 r- m) Q. Z) E0 @% h; V* z0 ~/ ^9.3 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................61
4 G v4 C+ j; D10. Variable wind study....................................................................................................63
- n- O/ i P. \- f+ q+ r4 z10.1 Dynamic pitch control ..................................................................................................63
6 I: T! c& V1 b10.2 Passive pitch control simulation ..................................................................................67 0 ~: ?' H; Y' v* v3 M
10.3 Comparison of passive and dynamic pitch control ......................................................69 . _/ N5 b/ H5 A: W
11. Wind farm...................................................................................................................71
' _. Y* \: c, t' b11.1 From a single wind turbine to a wind farm ..................................................................72 9 l# T4 Q2 F& J, |
11.1.1 Change the structure of the model ....................................................................... 72
( D( O, Q6 [0 ?1 h2 q11.1.2 Modifications in the synchronous generator......................................................... 73
% N" ^( _- \& {! N5 y* f# ~11.1.3 Modifications in the transformer ........................................................................... 74 ) a; X5 w% z- ^5 |2 I y. s
11.1.4 Modifications in the grid........................................................................................ 74 & O* V4 x, G r6 C x- h0 r, w; _
11.2 PWM Regulation drives...............................................................................................75
% g6 r" h1 e! Y, u: D1 ^11.2.1 Principles .............................................................................................................. 75
2 c/ X% y# T4 u11.2.2 Generation of the triangular waveform................................................................. 75
0 |* E! a0 n v v3 w/ u( U11.2.3 Generation of the reference.................................................................................. 79
, }3 D) b+ o: i11.2.4 Generation of the firing pulses for the GTO inverter ............................................ 83 " Q. D4 h- s4 v" t
11.3 Simulation 85
7 d* G1 `$ Z4 x6 G# i: U- i" ^6 cPART D: APPENDIX 87
; f6 y; n% k$ O6 N: y' G12. References.................................................................................................................89 |
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