GH-BLaded公司内部学习资料（英文版）

wrg0320 · 发表于 2009-11-5 09:42:01

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英国Garrad Hassan伙伴有限公司（GH公司）作为全球著名的可再生能源咨询公司，成立20多年以来一直为风能行业提供技术动力。我们提供广泛的技术与工程服务、符合行业标准的技术产品以及专业的培训课程，以此来满足行业内各方对于可再生能源项目全生命周期里的每个阶段的需求。GH不仅向业界提供专业的技术咨询服务，也提供一系列设计工具软件，为风机设计、风电场设计、风电场运营管理等专业领域提供全套解决方案。

GH Bladed软件是一款整合的计算仿真工具，它适用于陆上和海上的多种尺寸和型式的水平轴风机，进行设计和认证所需的性能和载荷计算。软件本身的可靠性已通过GL认证。目前GH Bladed已被广泛应用于风机产业，用户包括风机及零部件制造商、大学和研究机构、认证机构，在全球共有300多家用户，其中在中国拥有50套授权用户，包括多所大学。

在风机设计方面，作为一个开放式的技术咨询公司，GH在进入中国市场的四年中已经向数百名风电制造商的工程师提供了多次深入的技术培训。

tuderang · 发表于 2019-7-6 10:46:25

强烈支持楼主ing……

wrg0320 · 发表于 2009-11-5 09:43:49

Theory Manual
1.  Introduction  1
1.1  Purpose  1
1.2  Theoretical background  2
1.3  Support  3
1.4  Documentation  3
1.5  Acknowledgements  3
2.  AERODYNAMICS  4
2.1  Combined blade element and momentum theory  4
2.1.1  Actuator disk model  4
2.1.2  Wake rotation  5
2.1.3  Blade element theory  6
2.1.4  Tip and hub loss models  8
2.2  Wake models  9
2.2.1  Equilibrium wake  9
2.2.2  Frozen wake  9
2.2.3  Dynamic wake  9
2.3  Steady stall  11
2.4  Dynamic stall  11
3.  STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS  13
3.1  Modal analysis  13
3.1.1  Rotor modes  14
3.1.2  Tower modes (axisymmetric model)  15
3.1.3  Tower modes (multi-member model)  16
3.1.4  Coupling between rotor and tower modes  16
3.2  Equations of motion  17
3.2.1  Degrees of freedom  17
3.2.2  Formulation of equations of motion  17
3.2.3  Solution of the equations of motion  18
3.3  Calculation of structural loads  19
3.4  Calculation of structural deflections  19
4.  POWER TRAIN DYNAMICS  20
4.1  Drive train models  20
4.1.1  Locked speed model  20
4.1.2  Rigid shaft model  20
4.1.3  Flexible shaft model  20
4.2  Generator models  21
4.2.1  Fixed speed induction generator – mechanical model  21
4.2.2  Fixed speed induction generator: electrical model  22
4.2.3  Variable speed generator – mechanical model  23
4.2.4  Variable speed generator – DFIG electrical model  24
4.2.5  Variable speed generator – Synchronous generator with fully rated converter  27
4.2.6  Variable slip generator  33
4.3  Drive train mounting  33
4.4  Energy losses  34
4.5  The electrical network  35
5.  CLOSED LOOP CONTROL  36
5.1  Introduction  36
5.2  The fixed speed pitch regulated controller  36
5.2.1  Steady state parameters  37
5.2.2  Dynamic parameters  37
5.3  The variable speed stall regulated controller  37
5.3.1  Steady state parameters  37
5.3.2  Dynamic parameters  39
5.4  The variable speed pitch regulated controller  40
5.4.1  Steady state parameters  40
5.4.2  Dynamic parameters  41
5.5  Transducer models  42
5.6  Modelling the pitch actuator  42
5.7  The PI control algorithm  45
5.7.1  Gain scheduling  46
5.8  Control mode changes  47
5.9  Client-specific controllers  47
5.10  Signal noise and discretisation  48
6.  SUPERVISORY CONTROL  49
6.1  Start-up  49
6.2  Normal stops  49
6.3  Emergency stops  50
6.4  Brake dynamics  51
6.5  Idling and parked simulations  51
6.6  Yaw control  51
6.6.1  Active yaw  51
6.6.2  Yaw dynamics  51
6.7  Teeter restraint  53
7.  MODELLING THE WIND  54
7.1  Wind shear  55
7.1.1  Exponential model  55
7.1.2  Logarithmic model  55
7.1.3  User-defined model  55
7.2  Time varying wind  55
7.2.1  Single point time history  55
7.2.2  3D turbulent wind  55
7.2.3  IEC transients  56
8.  MODELLING WAVES AND CURRENTS  58
8.1  Tower and Foundation Model  58
8.2  Wave Spectra  59
8.2.1  JONSWAP / Pierson-Moskowitz Spectrum  59
8.2.2  User-defined Spectrum  59
8.3  Wave diffraction approximation  60
8.3.1  MacCamy-Fuchs approximation  60
8.3.2  Simple cut-off frequency  60
8.4  Wave Particle Kinematics  60
8.5  Wheeler Stretching  61
8.6  Simulation of Irregular Waves  62
8.7  Simulation of Regular Waves  63
8.8  Constrained Waves  65
8.9  Current Velocities  66
8.9.1  Near-Surface Current  66
8.9.2  Sub-Surface Current  66
8.9.3  Near-Shore Current  66
8.10  Total Velocities and Accelerations  67
8.11  Applied Forces  67
8.11.1  Relative Motion Form of Morison’s Equation  67
8.11.2  Longitudinal Pressure Forces on Cylindrical Elements  68
9.  TOWER SHADOW AND WAKE EFFECTS  69
9.1  Tower shadow  69
9.1.1  Potential flow model  69
9.1.2  Empirical model  69
9.1.3  Combined model  70
9.2  Upwind turbine wake  70
9.2.1  Eddy viscosity model of the upstream turbine wake  70
9.2.2  Turbulence in the wake  73
10.  TURBULENCE MODELS  75
10.1  Three dimensional turbulence model  75
10.1.1  The basic von Karman model  75
10.1.2  The improved von Karman model  77
10.1.3  The Kaimal model  80
10.1.4  The Mann model  82
10.1.5  Using 3D turbulent wind fields in simulations  82
11.  MODELLING EARTHQUAKES  84
11.1  Calculation of dynamic response  84
11.2  Response Spectrum  84
11.3  Generation of response spectrum compatible accelerogram  85
12.  POST-PROCESSING  86
12.1  Basic statistics  86
12.2  Fourier harmonics, and periodic and stochastic components  86
12.3  Extreme prediction  87
12.4  Spectral analysis  90
12.5  Probability, peak and level crossing analysis  90
12.6  Rainflow cycle counting and fatigue analysis  91
12.6.1  Rainflow cycle counting  91
12.6.2  Fatigue analysis  92
12.7  Annual energy yield  93
12.8  Ultimate loads  94
12.9  Flicker  94
12.10  Extreme load extrapolation  94
13.  The Windfarmer link module  97
13.1  Purpose and motivation  97
13.2  Overview of site-specific fatigue load calculations  97
13.3  General methodology of the Windfarmer Link  98
13.4  Wake modelling  98
13.4.1  Wake affected turbulence intensity  99
13.4.2  Eddy viscosity wake model  100
13.5  Wind flow modelling  100
13.5.1  Site mast data and speed-up factors  100
13.5.2  Wind speed and direction distribution  101
13.5.3  Upflow angles  101
13.6  Selection of wake-affected and ambient simulations  101
13.6.1  Wake-affected simulations  102
13.6.2  Ambient simulations  103
13.6.3  Non-operational simulations  103
13.7  Generation of GH Bladed simulations  104
13.8  Wind file structure  104
13.9  Pre-processing ranking routine  105
13.9.1  Turbine rank methodology  105
13.9.2  IEC class comparison  106
13.10  Post-processing routine  106
14.  References  107

wrg0320 · 发表于 2009-11-5 09:46:19

User Manual
1.  INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Installation 1
1.2  GH Bladed modules 2
1.3 The GH Bladed Educational version 2
1.4 The GH Bladed Demonstration version 3
1.5 Support 4
1.6 Documentation 4
1.7 Acknowledgements 4
2.  USING GH Bladed 5
2.1 General description and layout of the user interface 5
2.1.1 Main toolbar - pull-down menus 5
2.1.2 Toolbar icons 6
2.1.3 The calculation window 7
2.1.4 Sequence of operations 7
2.2 Entering data 8
2.3 Using project files 8
2.4 Performing calculations 9
2.5 Viewing results 9
2.6 Compiling reports 10
2.7 Data Encryption 10
2.8 User preferences 11
2.9 Context-sensitive help 11
2.10 Dongles 11
3.  DEFINING THE TURBINE BLADES 13
3.1 Choosing blade stations 14
3.2 Blade geometry 15
3.2.1 The blade reference plane 15
3.3 Blade mass distribution 16
3.3.1 Distributed mass 16
3.3.2 Point masses 16
3.3.3 Vibration dampers 16
3.3.4 Blade icing 16
3.4 Blade stiffness distribution 17
3.5 Flap-Twist Coupling 17
3.6 Aerofoil sections 18
3.7 Aerofoil datasets 19
3.7.1 Defining aerofoil datasets 19
3.7.2 Importing a dataset 19
3.7.3 Adding a new dataset manually or via the clipboard 19
3.7.4 Editing an existing dataset 20
3.7.5 Removing a dataset 20
3.7.6 Viewing aerofoil data graphically 20
3.8 Format of ASCII aerofoil files 20
3.9 Defining normal aerofoil sections 21
3.10 Defining aileron sections 22

4.  DEFINING THE REST OF THE TURBINE 24
4.1 Defining the rotor  24
4.2 Defining the hub  25
4.3 Teeter restraint  26
4.4 Defining the tower  26
4.4.1 Monopile Tower  26
4.4.2 Multi-member tower  27
4.4.3 Flanges and point masses  28
4.4.4 Vibration dampers  28
4.4.5 Environment  28
4.4.6 Foundations  29
4.5 Defining the power train  30
4.6 Transmission  30
4.6.1 Locked speed model  31
4.6.2 Dynamic model  31
4.6.3 External DLL for transmission dynamics  32
4.7 Drive train mountings  32
4.8 Generator  33
4.8.1 Induction generator  34
4.8.2 Variable speed generator models  35
4.8.3 Variable speed mechanical model  35
4.8.4 Doubly fed induction generator model  35
4.8.5 Synchronous generator with fully rated converter  36
4.8.6 Variable slip generator  39
4.8.7 User-defined generator model  39
4.8.8 Drive train damping feedback  40
4.9 Energy losses  40
4.9.1 Mechanical losses  40
4.9.2 Electrical losses  41
4.10 The Electrical Network  42
4.11 The nacelle  42
5.  CONTROL SYSTEMS  44
5.1 Fixed Speed Stall Regulated Control  45
5.2 The fixed speed pitch regulated controller  45
5.2.1 Steady state parameters  45
5.2.2 Dynamic parameters  45
5.3 The variable speed stall regulated controller  46
5.3.1 Steady state parameters  46
5.3.2 Dynamic parameters  46
5.4 The variable speed pitch regulated controller  47
5.4.1 Steady state parameters  47
5.4.2 Dynamic parameters  47
5.5 PI control  48
5.6 Gain scheduling  49
5.7 Variable speed control below rated  50
5.7.1 Optimal tip speed ratio  50
5.7.2 Look-up table  51
5.7.3 Other parameters  51

5.7.4 Control in the variable slip case  51
5.8 User-defined controllers  51
5.8.1 Writing a user-defined controller as an executable program 52
5.8.2 Writing a user-defined controller as a dynamic link library 53
5.8.3 Using a user-defined controller  54
5.8.4 Signal noise and discretisation  55
5.9 Transducers  55
5.10 The pitch actuator  55
5.10.1 Passive dynamics  57
5.10.2 PID parameters  57
5.11 The shaft brake  58
5.12 Start-up sequence  58
5.13 Normal stop sequence  59
5.14 Emergency stop sequence  60
5.15 Idling conditions  60
5.16 Parked conditions  60
5.17 Yaw control  61
5.17.1 Yaw Dynamics  61
5.17.2 Active Yaw  62
5.18 Safety System  62
5.18.1 Safety System Circuits  62
5.18.2 Safety System Pitch Action  62
5.18.3 Safety System Trips  63
6.  DEFINING THE ENVIRONMENT  64
6.1 Defining the wind  64
6.2 Wind shear  65
6.3 Tower shadow  65
6.4 Upwind turbine wake  66
6.5 No time variation of wind speed  67
6.6 Single point wind history  67
6.7 3D turbulent wind  68
6.8 Transients  69
6.9 Definition of wind direction  71
6.10 Generating turbulent wind fields  72
6.10.1 Defining turbulence characteristics  72
6.10.2 Advanced options  73
6.10.3 Generating the turbulence field  74
6.11 Annual wind distribution  75
6.12 Defining Waves  76
6.12.1 None (no waves)  76
6.12.2 Irregular waves  76
6.12.3 Constrained waves  77
6.12.4 Regular waves  77
6.13 Defining Currents  78
6.13.1 Near-surface current  78
6.13.2 Sub-surface current  78
6.13.3 Near-shore current  79
6.14 Tide height  79

6.15 Scatter diagram  79
6.16 Earthquakes  80
6.16.1 Generating earthquake time histories  80
7.  EXECUTING WIND TURBINE CALCULATIONS  82
7.1 Modal analysis  82
7.1.1 Defining the modes  82
7.1.2 Performing the calculation  83
7.1.3 The modal frequencies  83
7.2 The calculations screen  83
7.2.1 Calculations available  84
7.2.2 Data required for calculations  84
7.2.3 Calculation options  84
7.2.4 Specifying outputs  84
7.2.5 Calculation parameters  84
7.2.6 Executing a calculation  85
7.2.7 Batch processing  85
7.2.8 Retrieving calculation details  87
7.3 Steady calculations  87
7.4 Simulations  88
7.5 Calculation parameters  88
7.6 Aerodynamic information calculation  89
7.7 Performance coefficients calculation  89
7.8 Steady power curve calculation  90
7.9 Steady operational loads calculation  90
7.10 Steady parked loads calculation  91
7.11 Model linearisation calculation  91
7.11.1 Selection of model features for linearisations and Campbell diagram 92
7.12 Pitch and speed schedule  93
7.13 Simulation control  93
7.14 Initial conditions  94
7.15 Hardware test simulation  94
7.16 Aerodynamic models  95
7.17 Physical constants  96
7.18 Safety factors  97
7.19 Imbalances  97
7.20 Turbine Faults  97
7.20.1 Pitch faults  97
7.20.2 Generator and network faults  98
7.20.3 Yaw faults  98
7.20.4 Transducer faults  99
7.21 Controlling the calculation outputs  99
7.21.1 Blade outputs  99
7.21.2 Tower outputs  99
7.21.3 Other outputs  100
7.21.4 Co-ordinate systems  100
7.21.5 Exceptions to the use of the ‘GL’ co-ordinate system  103
7.21.6 Refinement of deflections and loads  104
7.22 Specifying calculation options  104

7.23 Multiple calculation setup  105
8.  POST-PROCESSING 107
8.1 Basic statistics  107
8.2 Fourier harmonics  108
8.3 Periodic components  108
8.4 Extreme predictions  108
8.5 Auto spectrum  109
8.5.1 Options for spectral analysis  109
8.6 Cross spectrum  110
8.7 Probability density  110
8.8 Peak value analysis  111
8.9 Level crossing analysis  111
8.10 Rainflow cycle counting  112
8.11 Fatigue damage estimation  112
8.12 Setting bin limits  113
8.13 Annual energy yield  113
8.14 Channel Combination and Tabulation  114
8.14.1 Multiple processing option – Channel combination  115
8.14.2 Multiple processing option - Tabulation  115
8.14.3 Multiple processing option – Matrix combination  115
8.14.4 Multiple processing option – Old Style channel combination 116
8.14.5 Single channel combinations  117
8.15 Multiple Processing  117
8.16 Ultimate Loads  118
8.17 Ultimate Load Cases  119
8.18 Flicker  119
8.19 Linear Model  119
8.20 Extreme load extrapolation  121
8.21 Data channel selection  122
8.21.1 Selecting independent variables  122
8.21.2 Messages and further information  122
8.21.3 Deleting information  122
9.  GRAPHICAL DATA VIEW FACILITY  123
9.1 Graphs of several variables  123
9.2 Graph styles  123
9.3 Grids and logarithmic axes  123
9.4 Units  124
9.5 Axis limits  124
9.6 Graph titles  124
9.7 Graph legends and line styles  124
9.8 Cross-plots  125
9.9 Tabular output of results  125
9.10 Refreshing graphs  125
9.11 Graph configurations  125
9.12 Multiple Plotting and Tabulation  126
9.12.1 Graph configurations  126
9.12.2 Replacing variables  126

9.12.3 Replacing runs  126
9.12.4 Sequence Control  126
9.12.5 Tabulation of Ultimate Loads  126
9.12.6 Output  126
10.  REPORTING 128
10.1 Project reports  128
10.2 Calculation reports  128
10.3 Adding calculation results to a report  129
10.4 Editing and printing reports  129
10.5 Linked graphs  129
11.  THE WINDFARMER LINK MODULE  130
11.1 The GH Windfarmer output file  131
11.2 The wind file template  135
11.3 The turbine model template  135
11.4 The fatigue processing template  135
11.5 The Ranking Calculation  135
11.6 Sectors and Options  136
11.6.1 Direction sectors  136
11.6.2 Overriding values from GH Windfarmer 136
11.7 Output folders and file naming convention  137
11.8 Image viewer  138
APPENDIX A  Communication Between Bladed And External Controllers 139
A.1 Data exchange records  139
A.2 Record 1: the Status flag  144
A.3 Sending messages to the simulation  145
A.4 Pitch and torque override  145
A.5 Sending logging output to Bladed  145
APPENDIX B  Example External Controller Code In Selected Languages 147
B.1 Simple example of DLL code written in C  147
B.2 Simple example of DLL code written in FORTRAN 90  148
B.3 Simple example of EXE code written in FORTRAN 90  149
APPENDIX C  GEARBOX DLL INTERFACE SPECIFICATION 150
APPENDIX D  GENERATOR DLL INTERFACE SPECIFICATION 157
REFERENCES

pandas12 · 发表于 2009-11-5 10:07:47

汗，这英文够翻译了，不过还是先谢谢共享资料了

norika · 发表于 2009-11-5 12:41:03

英国Garrad Hassan伙伴有限公司（GH公司）作为全球著名的可再生能源咨询公司，成立20多年以来一直为风能行业 ...5 d9 t) L8 n3 y6 W! Y% T# y
wrg0320 发表于 2009-11-5 09:42
5 f. C2 d+ k' d+ f) O6 o1 B

登录/注册后可看大图

能否上传一下这个软件？

achipmunk · 发表于 2009-11-5 20:12:31

xiexie，谢谢分享，这个软件好像没有dongle也可以用，一些机械部件的描述点数量有限制。

podrobert · 发表于 2009-11-20 13:16:24

哈森的东东哦

wsjupc · 发表于 2009-11-25 21:47:10

真好，正是需要的

wlm_28 · 发表于 2009-11-26 13:38:42

英文的，太难了，呵呵

newlxd · 发表于 2009-12-3 17:37:53

楼主是大大的好人

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GH-BLaded公司内部学习资料（英文版）

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