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内容简介 : ]# l& j. @( q+ w( UThis book will be focused on the modeling and control of the DFIM based wind turbines. In the first part of the book, the mathematical description of different basic dynamic models of the DFIM will be carried out. It will be accompanied by a detailed steady-state analysis of the machine. After that, a more sophisticated model of the machine that considers grid disturbances, such as voltage dips and unbalances will be also studied.?The second part of the book surveys the most relevant control strategies used for the DFIM when it operates at the wind energy generation application. The control techniques studied, range from standard solutions used by wind turbine manufacturers, to the last developments oriented to improve the behavior of high power wind turbines, as well as control and hardware based solutions to address different faulty scenarios of the grid. In addition, the standalone DFIM generation system will be also analyzed 2 N& F) j9 ? [8 n B具体目录/ ~9 D3 A& n, u
Chapter 1: Introduction to A Wind Energy Generation System 5 R* ?- Y Q. i* m2 a6 m/ G1.1 Introduction) Z) H( v2 E5 C' Z
1.2 Basic concepts of a Fixed Speed Wind Turbine (FSWT)9 U+ w) H' d7 i/ l9 @1 W, |/ e
1.3 Variable Speed Wind Turbines (VSWTs)2 o2 r5 d: g0 {! d1 c0 o
1.4 Wind Energy Generation System Based on DFIM VSWT 9 H' f) B0 E7 V# }# K1 Y9 B* p1.5 Grid Code Requirements : I4 H S( R! S: }7 E; K! M& _1.6 Voltage Dips and LVRT 1 H1 B% m3 C1 i( E- [& d9 X1.7 VSWT Based on DFIM Manufacturers ( _$ u7 v2 V3 W" e8 v4 Y1.8 Introduction to the Next Chapters , u! L3 W A2 S: e) j9 r4 HBibliography + a) W5 H2 d& DChapter 2: Back-to-Back Power Electronic Converter " f, o- `( _0 u2.1 Introduction$ n0 j8 V- r0 f2 A
2.2 Back-to-Back Converter based on Two-Level VSC Topology 3 u# a- [& e+ b& r# j& E( x2.3 Multilevel VSC Topologies$ [7 |! h& H! o7 X* H
2.4 Control of Grid Side System $ q! U; P X8 u8 B1 V$ e% H* K2.5 Summary : s6 A9 ?7 |& ?6 [- {0 {; xReferences* m! V0 A3 m. g2 T% G/ X) W5 z+ D
Chapter 3: Steady State of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine 1 U2 Z, |9 A0 F! [3.1 Introduction - [ y, a# V$ f* O' ]' }3.2 Equivalent Electric Circuit at Steady State B; j# R7 t+ p" i: |3 v3.3 Operation Modes Attending to Speed and Power Flows 5 ?! @; n6 r3 M" W- N3.4 Per Unit Transformation6 Y) B p4 Q& \9 p* B- W
3.5 Steady State Curves: Performance Evaluation # E d- m" l. d9 J% d5 }3.6 Design Requirements for the DFIM in Wind Energy Generation Applications9 I' d- n' n$ d5 D( F( [
3.7 Summary % M+ z9 y* s3 M+ |) ^! f5 z6 }References" p3 c+ k- @6 F% ?3 @
Chapter 4: Dynamic Modeling of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine ; O8 z' `2 d9 r$ l j( K# B4.1 Introduction 0 g1 Z) v& N& }* P W5 X. i4.2 Dynamic Modeling of the DFIM: W; ~; F$ N/ _
4.3 Summary 7 m' K4 f+ f( Y& g% lReferences" |1 ~" [1 C$ ]2 j/ Z, @6 I+ s0 J( O% {
Chapter 5: Testing the DFIM - s" L0 E' }4 R' o3 T, u' \! j" W; {5.1 Introduction+ r% w# R4 p# J( j
5.2 Off-line Estimation of DFIM Model Parameters 5 S8 \1 a$ Y+ N+ V! X6 D# f5.3 Summary7 w, k5 A) j/ j- M9 h
References ( A% B, d V$ q: A* Y& ]Chapter 6: Analysis of the DFIM Under Voltage Dips ' t5 u( w: q+ i$ z8 v% N6.1 Introduction + J6 l4 U# p- \! i2 c z/ `, D: e6.2 Electromagnetic Force Induced in the Rotor9 c, ?$ A; r, u% H: j( S3 H3 s" ?
6.3 Normal Operation 3 `& ^% A' K0 |9 c; L) U6.4 Three-Phase Voltage Dips- S, g! y0 t' z r' c0 l) ?
6.5 Asymmetrical Voltage Dips* u# q2 k4 N6 @
6.6 Influence of the Rotor Currents4 J$ g0 T2 o0 u
6.7 DFIM Equivalent Model During Voltage Dips5 ~- r1 y9 L% @9 S! p
6.8 Summary 8 G! V( Z Q% i4 I2 NReferences1 f' ^$ t1 m2 n" g+ x
Chapter 7: Vector Control Strategies for Grid-Connected DFIM Wind Turbines4 I6 S6 u3 V1 H1 Q" |. n
7.1 Introduction 1 O5 k& Q8 @ r% S* U2 G! n/ V. h7.2 Vector Control _8 V( p0 ~4 I7 E+ L+ D0 i L7.3 Small Signal Stability of the Vector Control & }: U$ u( I/ l7 ?! V. r. x+ `7.4 Vector Control Behavior Under Unbalanced Conditions 7 h9 s. T7 O; K% d+ X7.5 Vector Control Behavior Under Voltage Dips' D# o, k( e( P6 q7 O
7.6 Control Solutions for Grid Disturbances1 J8 e ?. u" U% i
7.7 Summary, m/ w8 i& t: j8 _1 @ N
References% i D( q1 ?% }6 [. M
Chapter 8: Direct Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine" Z k& C7 p: i: T% n, @; _! M
8.1 Introduction " d, ~ F' O( U8.2 Direct Torque Control (DTC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine2 W: T- N2 j& V- r( {$ `7 W
8.3 Direct Power Control (DPC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine( r3 L. K! Y5 M1 F, M s
8.4 Predictive Direct Torque Control (P-DTC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency. Y8 I6 C/ E- z5 Y) P. Q
8.5 Predictive Direct Power Control (P-DPC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency3 b' s( R9 C" f- U/ ~' ?- ~& n$ f
8.6 Multilevel Converter based Predictive Direct Power and Direct Torque Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency4 Q4 T- @4 R3 t: E
8.7 Control Solutions for Grid Voltage Disturbances, Based on Direct Control Techniques 8 v8 J1 u5 x5 _/ {" C5 A8.8 Summary) I! b' o& o* E9 Z3 `+ ^
References ; v, _2 N; x! ?+ c* i0 M" g% B( PChapter 9: Hardware Solutions for LVRT + [0 C" p j8 D$ a9 o9.1 Introduction7 k0 @! @3 ]" u
9.2 Grid Codes Related to LVRT + q5 \, R- }* J. i5 m9.3 Crowbar: k2 ~; K" E5 ?/ i9 ^5 [3 A. u
9.4 Braking Chopper* s! A/ K9 s7 m
9.5 Other Protection Techniques 2 w# \$ V3 N" e8 z9.6 Summary 8 R) w: t6 s9 W/ ]: x/ M( V6 V! {References7 {7 v6 g3 E! t0 y. H0 s5 }& t
Chapter 10: Complementary Control Issues: Estimator Structures and Start-Up of Grid-Connected DFIM B+ P% x3 P% y1 i1 P
10.1 Introduction/ R U% B- E, \& X" t
10.2 Estimator and Observer Structures ; P9 v; E: h; \) O10.3 Start-up of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine Based Wind Turbine 1 u/ v) k8 q9 T" v+ N V10.4 Summary" h5 `: t! {- C. `* Y
References7 u9 e3 }% h- j6 l. h8 j
Chapter 11: Stand-Alone DFIM Based Generation Systems; ~& t) H) g) }, K5 o
11.1 Introduction; l7 D2 I( J& Y$ ], B" s
11.2 Mathematical Description of the Stand-Alone DFIM System 7 Z: B. {- `! C( L6 {, R |; K11.3 Stator Voltage Control * i h! `. r# L- ?2 e( f9 k11.4 Synchronization Before Grid Connection By Superior PLL ' l- i1 N: `8 N% N2 Q) l11.5 Summary& J' Z& T" G' ^, o4 G5 F5 ~
References % r/ i; p% X, u# D8 iChapter 12: New Trends on Wind Energy Generation 9 x% H/ K; K* U* [12.1 Introduction 1 Z/ y5 N( C: e: z0 D0 ^% {12.2 Future Challenges for Wind Energy Generation: What must be Innovated ) T8 O2 W2 J% \3 D7 o- y12.3 Technological trends: How they can be Achieved O1 }2 P) z- |& B6 Q- g; W* G3 r
12.4 Summary 5 |* x8 O% C' Z+ V' u) SReferences - |. G9 L+ S( l3 pAppendix2 p3 v3 E1 c4 _7 H# R9 o6 Q# x
A.1 Space Vector Representation 2 {2 Z' H: G( ZA.2 Dynamic Modeling of the DFIM Considering the Iron Losses5 Y7 K+ G# W) s7 a
References