4 l) a" o2 }6 {* z/ A7 P; |内容简介 . y5 c, v, R qThis book will be focused on the modeling and control of the DFIM based wind turbines. In the first part of the book, the mathematical description of different basic dynamic models of the DFIM will be carried out. It will be accompanied by a detailed steady-state analysis of the machine. After that, a more sophisticated model of the machine that considers grid disturbances, such as voltage dips and unbalances will be also studied.?The second part of the book surveys the most relevant control strategies used for the DFIM when it operates at the wind energy generation application. The control techniques studied, range from standard solutions used by wind turbine manufacturers, to the last developments oriented to improve the behavior of high power wind turbines, as well as control and hardware based solutions to address different faulty scenarios of the grid. In addition, the standalone DFIM generation system will be also analyzed " P& n% N/ e0 P具体目录5 y/ W* ^5 H- F1 r) p& d# F8 n! ^
Chapter 1: Introduction to A Wind Energy Generation System 0 V! c2 ~2 ^; t7 z# {1.1 Introduction 7 L; L8 H& `$ {. a t1.2 Basic concepts of a Fixed Speed Wind Turbine (FSWT)& p0 |/ ^+ z& w/ @0 D* l4 |4 V
1.3 Variable Speed Wind Turbines (VSWTs) $ Z: J3 I+ H6 S7 q6 h1.4 Wind Energy Generation System Based on DFIM VSWT; C% _/ ?- U: N/ s6 h9 H/ a
1.5 Grid Code Requirements 4 q) C# }1 W& g3 Y- r4 u' c1.6 Voltage Dips and LVRT 8 P- h) p5 ]1 z* U1.7 VSWT Based on DFIM Manufacturers0 j/ H& N+ \( u! y8 I) O: b
1.8 Introduction to the Next Chapters$ g) L0 p9 o) X; e7 K3 }# e" V
Bibliography% l8 _0 P: z4 a# L4 d$ g3 x
Chapter 2: Back-to-Back Power Electronic Converter % [% f, Y0 C4 j' Z2 W* O2.1 Introduction 5 v) z2 J7 J+ `* K+ t6 t- g) _2 f2.2 Back-to-Back Converter based on Two-Level VSC Topology ; C$ D* d' G# Q5 E4 X2.3 Multilevel VSC Topologies / Z$ V7 b8 G6 D# Q5 ?% T3 i2.4 Control of Grid Side System $ ^" ~5 Y" K6 t) ?' m& f2.5 Summary * G6 W0 z( {0 v q8 r UReferences . b7 C x' g' f6 g: k4 MChapter 3: Steady State of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine7 S; T6 ^. t y4 R: `1 J9 F# a
3.1 Introduction: {) I' f4 ^8 s$ q' z
3.2 Equivalent Electric Circuit at Steady State+ |' T9 }! x4 e7 r# s" ]3 K; n0 v
3.3 Operation Modes Attending to Speed and Power Flows 4 z& {- u6 d& H7 @9 @" s; j3.4 Per Unit Transformation" f% N% Z! m* d
3.5 Steady State Curves: Performance Evaluation " w& R4 d- v# u j. u0 E. F# G! k3.6 Design Requirements for the DFIM in Wind Energy Generation Applications( g" a) n6 n$ ^2 z3 B
3.7 Summary ! v) F, m; _. U- [) h2 F5 nReferences : i3 B: I7 M+ {% H# I' t* i( f1 ~( eChapter 4: Dynamic Modeling of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine2 L* J+ O! B: G) B4 W) X& c( k$ @
4.1 Introduction2 E8 ]* T4 Y5 J- b: ~- P
4.2 Dynamic Modeling of the DFIM* a( |% ?' c' w0 ^: z
4.3 Summary " f7 b \& a( a$ v( w0 _References& U, f$ B! h/ D
Chapter 5: Testing the DFIM 9 p/ M z- f" D0 C7 k K, k5.1 Introduction9 d& [7 l! |% q* `+ d
5.2 Off-line Estimation of DFIM Model Parameters2 T1 c% }8 |9 \- d' _2 H
5.3 Summary * }# c" d" A9 CReferences) |8 q) R9 H8 S$ _% w* [; h& S; G
Chapter 6: Analysis of the DFIM Under Voltage Dips1 B* A* u4 |9 ^% i: P. M
6.1 Introduction: \( ?& Q" K S6 F; V
6.2 Electromagnetic Force Induced in the Rotor 0 ~* I8 V% g# i" B3 w6 Y9 M6.3 Normal Operation 7 Z* @5 T# i! T6.4 Three-Phase Voltage Dips 6 T6 h- F$ q! O' y# [+ ^& ~6.5 Asymmetrical Voltage Dips3 L. F3 e! M4 v4 m" X* O) L
6.6 Influence of the Rotor Currents& Z# M* `9 b: ^7 P7 X% }0 v) v6 @# O
6.7 DFIM Equivalent Model During Voltage Dips % h+ P, X! b/ n7 S6 ?6.8 Summary8 O1 E4 k2 E& r" `5 Q# d
References4 D V( c W7 |% a
Chapter 7: Vector Control Strategies for Grid-Connected DFIM Wind Turbines* E/ v1 o2 H. b9 N7 @* ~2 o
7.1 Introduction " `2 ~. j" A- d7 ` }7.2 Vector Control 6 U% r2 M. q! z' j7 |3 Z7.3 Small Signal Stability of the Vector Control$ r; i- j A' j# `5 R
7.4 Vector Control Behavior Under Unbalanced Conditions + @ y* w- P. y/ Q$ C! D' Z7.5 Vector Control Behavior Under Voltage Dips ' O/ I: m& Q4 A! t7.6 Control Solutions for Grid Disturbances 5 N& `3 N4 a5 _2 P' Q+ v/ r) ~. i7.7 Summary - j# q# e8 M8 A& o' g, ?References& E6 b* c; C5 R" s
Chapter 8: Direct Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine p$ t) O2 l. I( ^- \; [6 Q
8.1 Introduction5 V* J8 S* ?9 ~1 c6 p
8.2 Direct Torque Control (DTC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine ' V" I# D+ ]$ T; P8.3 Direct Power Control (DPC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine- Y- W# K. U% z: K/ R; y
8.4 Predictive Direct Torque Control (P-DTC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency0 x( O7 `, N5 t& m+ p/ k8 E
8.5 Predictive Direct Power Control (P-DPC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency / D! r2 \% G; \ }1 p( b8.6 Multilevel Converter based Predictive Direct Power and Direct Torque Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine at Constant Switching Frequency+ |& m! T; p5 F6 |7 z
8.7 Control Solutions for Grid Voltage Disturbances, Based on Direct Control Techniques: l$ ]1 I o& O$ s# t; b
8.8 Summary5 }+ l# q8 V/ t0 y. Q3 d2 m
References% e4 a3 d) I' M/ i
Chapter 9: Hardware Solutions for LVRT , i- I# M, J/ `( Z* ~/ G9.1 Introduction : Y3 K7 d& U! i2 J9.2 Grid Codes Related to LVRT& s$ ?; \8 m8 r- S# l7 n
9.3 Crowbar 4 ?" a! O o$ z# X% P5 \. s9.4 Braking Chopper- N) G+ x, p3 h/ Q8 N7 f8 y
9.5 Other Protection Techniques7 w% L* [# B$ O7 I i
9.6 Summary, [) f' G( J7 U$ r8 L8 T# E
References$ q3 c/ D6 O2 j$ x9 n. C
Chapter 10: Complementary Control Issues: Estimator Structures and Start-Up of Grid-Connected DFIM 5 L* Q V& H, r; P) y10.1 Introduction0 s1 b* f4 v8 B. e b w% X8 f- Z
10.2 Estimator and Observer Structures & W6 ^% N* K6 ?2 E/ O6 R10.3 Start-up of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine Based Wind Turbine 6 k9 N6 I6 {1 U10.4 Summary; Y+ x: w+ F- R S5 [7 g3 @
References 2 M% E" S" n2 r h2 SChapter 11: Stand-Alone DFIM Based Generation Systems7 Y" f0 p, ?. `* [
11.1 Introduction , X0 u) F+ c7 n. E j11.2 Mathematical Description of the Stand-Alone DFIM System 0 i8 M. U0 @/ \+ d11.3 Stator Voltage Control9 m( J- Q( a8 s3 _
11.4 Synchronization Before Grid Connection By Superior PLL ( o) x6 f3 K7 p9 V11.5 Summary * _0 ]: M" V a$ UReferences; H% B2 j5 L' J
Chapter 12: New Trends on Wind Energy Generation9 W0 v6 E+ b! ], J0 @( u5 [
12.1 Introduction - D5 F: v& w9 W- `, m12.2 Future Challenges for Wind Energy Generation: What must be Innovated # D# v1 D# q" R- v12.3 Technological trends: How they can be Achieved# `, q; ]$ [5 ?6 }
12.4 Summary' G! y- |, ^: J' P" t$ O& J
References' ?" @" @, O) }7 P4 P9 M' J& R+ [
Appendix# y& A& K% c. |! p9 D5 ]2 a# O
A.1 Space Vector Representation: W# j& `2 C- [! i9 \9 ~
A.2 Dynamic Modeling of the DFIM Considering the Iron Losses 6 x% C5 n7 q) e9 nReferences