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PART A: INTRODUCTION 1
c) K+ S; f+ c" p* m: g1. Introduction..................................................................................................................3
" P; p! i6 ^- e! t' c2. pscad components....................................................................................................5
9 g# \0 Z* M. R# o3 c& U0 R& m- F, i3. Modelled structure.......................................................................................................7
0 [1 z6 S# S6 I: R) j; U6 O4. Simulations performed.................................................................................................9/ Q* z; }% b; g& n; e
PART B: BUILD THE MODEL 11
8 i6 z: A0 Q: \& W) Y9 P; c; _: O1 |5. From the wind to the Synchronous Generator...........................................................13) o& K' Z. h2 @- s5 `# G: b
5.1 The Wind Source.........................................................................................................14% v( A. u8 g/ H/ f" ]9 w$ G- t! a
5.2 The wind turbine component.......................................................................................15
! ^; Z) e- v+ J; U5.2.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................15) G8 w+ B& s1 o" l7 x
5.2.2 Cp curve with PSCAD standard model.................................................................16
( n- z, N, Q4 X5.2.3 Computation of parameters...................................................................................173 u( v9 T& ^& t4 ` g! L
5.2.4 Define the Wind turbine parameters.....................................................................18
- [( g) ?* n: h$ x8 C5.3 Wind turbine governor component..............................................................................19
; _0 I7 j9 z) ~* U; [5.3.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................19
2 |% J3 K8 w) W8 P5.3.2 Define the Wind governor parameters..................................................................20& q; {/ o: G$ e" u
5.4 The synchronous generator.........................................................................................218 K: I+ E' E# p5 F/ F
5.5 Turbine generator connection: Simulation at rated load..............................................24
# b" B, m& A# mSimulation parameters & analysis :......................................................................................24
* H2 V+ i5 ` d7 s+ u' Y! O6. AC/DC/AC : Power and Frequency conversion.........................................................27! q1 R6 p1 ]$ o. h, v; M" t
6.1 Diode Rectifier.............................................................................................................28
9 p) M0 u( H, M6.2 Overvoltage protection................................................................................................30
! Q% i* `0 w# e( x& V6.3 DC bus.........................................................................................................................317 j" F1 B1 Q& W- `
6.3.1 Build the DC bus....................................................................................................312 U& P) ]2 }8 J- e
6.3.2 Model validation.....................................................................................................32
2 g$ u* J A! b: C1 [" R9 J7 x6.4 6-Pulse Thyristor inverter............................................................................................34 WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS PAGE A
+ {9 F9 B6 G/ K6 t, gPSCAD®4.02
: w2 o; o0 }2 l9 X3 \' gIntroduction
$ j6 x7 u/ N- f G; u* r8 U6.4.1 Presentation..........................................................................................................34
" \0 C4 f7 M+ m/ d* S, M3 C$ F( f9 q6.4.2 Voltage collapse limitation....................................................................................36" ~2 r5 {7 k% F% z" B [
6.4.3 Voltage regulation.................................................................................................372 x6 Y7 \8 k: \) h) c
6.5 Connection to the network..........................................................................................40- y: | m2 |: ]% q9 T1 t. E: z
7. The distribution grid...................................................................................................43
0 B; M/ {- X& }0 M; X7.1.1 Definition of the grid..............................................................................................43) @; f0 _0 D& \ p
7.1.2 Load Flow Simulation...........................................................................................47
$ w% O1 Q2 O9 O B# G$ H. j' LPART C: SIMULATE 49
) _7 e6 F Q+ ^$ d0 \+ ~6 R: t( s8. Constant Wind Study.................................................................................................51- o- e& I- e7 [$ m' c: z/ ~
8.1 Structure the complete model.....................................................................................51- h4 b3 x% S) f5 o
8.2 Constant wind study....................................................................................................53% G. d( S( g% u. r* p# @: M
9. Fault Analysis.............................................................................................................55
0 {% [3 z, k' M; h. {9.1 Default at Node 3........................................................................................................56
0 M6 Z1 K: q. w3 k+ }9 r6 H9.1.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................56+ ~8 s, ?* V3 O; P, y6 l! A
9.1.2 With DG connected at node 1..............................................................................57% e) m5 u8 D0 R5 u2 |
9.2 Default at Node 2........................................................................................................598 Q4 p* |: A; {7 w
9.2.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................59 `5 u& [# T7 C5 j7 L c1 F* g
9.2.2 With DG connected at node 3..............................................................................59
4 K" M! C9 t, f) o; t9 F9.3 Conclusion..................................................................................................................61
. x# O1 H# U% P& e9 d: H10. Variable wind study....................................................................................................63! n/ [+ U5 T5 |; e* r: ^
10.1 Dynamic pitch control..................................................................................................639 E( J* h, a2 `- b0 ^$ _* J
10.2 Passive pitch control simulation..................................................................................67" w. d& }8 U. O3 B9 g4 w
10.3 Comparison of passive and dynamic pitch control......................................................69
5 _9 Y% x& K! n) L; Y/ o11. Wind farm...................................................................................................................71
@# F3 H% X! @; a11.1 From a single wind turbine to a wind farm..................................................................72# k; @2 ~4 k3 v8 K, `
11.1.1 Change the structure of the model.......................................................................72
; Q( m6 C. c- r k# ?11.1.2 Modifications in the synchronous generator.........................................................73
# t ]2 ]9 V$ d11.1.3 Modifications in the transformer...........................................................................74* L. t6 g; c4 {5 U- A: D& W
11.1.4 Modifications in the grid........................................................................................74# R2 j7 _2 o4 k
11.2 PWM Regulation drives...............................................................................................755 v& l u% i4 ?; \# T0 r+ J1 f
11.2.1 Principles..............................................................................................................759 B c0 q0 `% S9 \
11.2.2 Generation of the triangular waveform.................................................................756 Q3 m9 B; r: b$ o1 ?
11.2.3 Generation of the reference..................................................................................798 K; y/ Z2 R7 i
11.2.4 Generation of the firing pulses for the GTO inverter............................................83
d1 E+ z3 r$ p9 w" z4 z/ X+ n# o5 Y11.3 Simulation 85
) p$ t' x1 V- |5 uPART D: APPENDIX 87
n9 b: y/ |" v3 i/ b& G12. References.................................................................................................................89 |
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