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PART A: INTRODUCTION 1
% {& q, j! X) O' I l1. Introduction..................................................................................................................3& @) y2 u+ m) l5 ]
2. pscad components....................................................................................................5
1 i, m- h, r1 R, r" V0 e3. Modelled structure.......................................................................................................7; u4 q6 O, Q/ M, Z/ x
4. Simulations performed.................................................................................................98 U, g1 d, p2 C) o4 Y `! ^- j2 a
PART B: BUILD THE MODEL 11: j# d- y( J( d; i3 _
5. From the wind to the Synchronous Generator...........................................................130 F1 e, s: N& w# D/ K
5.1 The Wind Source.........................................................................................................14
4 S) y4 b2 r: l5.2 The wind turbine component.......................................................................................150 C) J: Z$ V1 [
5.2.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................15: N" f" ]: P/ I, ~- e, N
5.2.2 Cp curve with PSCAD standard model.................................................................16
' y- ]4 o& j- S" `; H: w* X+ U( s* A5.2.3 Computation of parameters...................................................................................17
2 y; q0 C1 `$ K1 N2 u/ V! S' C5.2.4 Define the Wind turbine parameters.....................................................................18# Q) \4 s/ k' B5 b0 _# t
5.3 Wind turbine governor component..............................................................................19
: a+ L) w1 j1 {/ H7 P* S' f4 g5.3.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................19
) Z8 Y2 F8 Q7 B8 v5.3.2 Define the Wind governor parameters..................................................................20* v m0 v3 v5 Y- z5 y9 j* c
5.4 The synchronous generator.........................................................................................21
& }% s6 w3 x* s2 X5.5 Turbine generator connection: Simulation at rated load..............................................241 S3 v! ^ m3 d0 Q3 J
Simulation parameters & analysis :......................................................................................240 {+ Y5 l7 b0 h* Z- k
6. AC/DC/AC : Power and Frequency conversion.........................................................27
- ]5 c& i; N, @, k0 A [6.1 Diode Rectifier.............................................................................................................28" }; t" F+ U$ M; p. K6 [/ r0 r
6.2 Overvoltage protection................................................................................................30
! M' y/ r. @- M* M0 X# ]. m6.3 DC bus.........................................................................................................................31. U4 @: B$ U4 {/ {
6.3.1 Build the DC bus....................................................................................................31. \* ?4 H0 X1 ], Q
6.3.2 Model validation.....................................................................................................32
4 p! t' _5 x" s! b6.4 6-Pulse Thyristor inverter............................................................................................34 WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS PAGE A
& E4 N( d% A+ Q$ `PSCAD®4.02. M) c9 @- G% q6 m$ U. {
Introduction
5 s! Q6 F7 i6 U4 g$ n6.4.1 Presentation..........................................................................................................34
6 B* h" f# }9 f6 |6.4.2 Voltage collapse limitation....................................................................................36! f" i! ~% p# K$ n3 X# f" E$ ^+ D& D
6.4.3 Voltage regulation.................................................................................................37
: M2 d, s. t) C5 R! k! s6.5 Connection to the network..........................................................................................40
; M7 L3 t7 F. Q7 Q7. The distribution grid...................................................................................................438 z) X5 x P) B) ?9 t
7.1.1 Definition of the grid..............................................................................................43( [3 x8 [* V5 _3 k. y6 [# s, `: g
7.1.2 Load Flow Simulation...........................................................................................47* }8 i' ?9 ]% G, ~$ b' E
PART C: SIMULATE 49
5 J; `( t# p- A% X$ ?$ \8 y8. Constant Wind Study.................................................................................................512 G9 `0 h/ f1 l3 I& @0 O
8.1 Structure the complete model.....................................................................................51$ W; B9 D/ \, e& U, z5 H3 Y8 Y
8.2 Constant wind study....................................................................................................53
" o, G" q: ]; d; F9. Fault Analysis.............................................................................................................55' f' i2 S/ \+ P2 w0 u
9.1 Default at Node 3........................................................................................................561 b& H; b4 I, b
9.1.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................56
2 ^9 p- @: y P! y) x' y7 n) F6 H9.1.2 With DG connected at node 1..............................................................................57
; {0 H; Z1 y4 L3 H8 p9.2 Default at Node 2........................................................................................................59
5 `. P% l# o+ ~; b3 z. N. e0 k- B9.2.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................59
4 ?- h0 g# O! M1 L% W( S5 Q9.2.2 With DG connected at node 3..............................................................................59
; M: s: i& o2 o4 T6 [9 f9.3 Conclusion..................................................................................................................61
# j R% l7 o5 D% R( v10. Variable wind study....................................................................................................63 S) W. a1 `, J* h- V4 ]; \
10.1 Dynamic pitch control..................................................................................................63
& g( ~# \7 Q$ \. J4 u10.2 Passive pitch control simulation..................................................................................67* {, Q0 B5 A' j X* l. s/ o( `
10.3 Comparison of passive and dynamic pitch control......................................................69
* k$ F+ k! T9 A$ | N% ~11. Wind farm...................................................................................................................71- a# y: F' z1 P& P* T
11.1 From a single wind turbine to a wind farm..................................................................72! x" x/ T( F6 V/ k" T
11.1.1 Change the structure of the model.......................................................................72
7 k) @; ~! _9 @& {) K, X11.1.2 Modifications in the synchronous generator.........................................................73
4 C2 B ~% T) L4 O" y. k- H( P11.1.3 Modifications in the transformer...........................................................................74( x5 o* v0 B2 m6 R8 o% w
11.1.4 Modifications in the grid........................................................................................74. d' J" p1 I5 X/ j
11.2 PWM Regulation drives...............................................................................................75+ X' f; g( R4 I! ?! s; |; }
11.2.1 Principles..............................................................................................................757 ]3 @9 B/ g9 F3 W
11.2.2 Generation of the triangular waveform.................................................................750 E2 n8 j, h* m% A4 j, c" y
11.2.3 Generation of the reference..................................................................................79) B$ o2 u+ m& P: a/ F2 P; v9 h6 |
11.2.4 Generation of the firing pulses for the GTO inverter............................................83! Y: O7 x' d* Z7 `8 T/ U4 Q4 g
11.3 Simulation 85
& h/ n, M1 A9 N9 J& @( ^PART D: APPENDIX 87
' V' g+ h& h9 `9 X12. References.................................................................................................................89 |
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