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PART A: INTRODUCTION 1
9 _$ h4 W" Y& X$ b" Z1. Introduction..................................................................................................................3
8 I+ f: b+ v; y$ e2. pscad components....................................................................................................51 g* K% q9 Q! i5 D' q
3. Modelled structure.......................................................................................................7/ D7 h( o9 z5 F4 d3 ]/ l
4. Simulations performed.................................................................................................9" ?0 m, j1 e9 [3 ?% A
PART B: BUILD THE MODEL 11
. I6 r7 b& |8 Q( u- I; `5. From the wind to the Synchronous Generator...........................................................13, r& \' b. m; a8 R( K+ T, U6 G$ _
5.1 The Wind Source.........................................................................................................143 k) O' e J8 T# c; X+ J3 h
5.2 The wind turbine component.......................................................................................15+ V& p4 ]( [' W, d% G
5.2.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................15) o5 ~- Z' M _' M/ |, o' m
5.2.2 Cp curve with PSCAD standard model.................................................................16; |5 c( y/ O9 Q$ p! m/ F
5.2.3 Computation of parameters...................................................................................17
' o+ q' v6 {8 H9 X5.2.4 Define the Wind turbine parameters.....................................................................18' p4 {, x; Q9 q9 k6 R' [! y O
5.3 Wind turbine governor component..............................................................................19
; z! K7 d8 b2 M3 `) x& s4 I& l5.3.1 Theoretical study...................................................................................................19* k4 S7 b% o9 r8 M) c7 m
5.3.2 Define the Wind governor parameters..................................................................20
, l: h9 u& ?. R+ _5.4 The synchronous generator.........................................................................................21
; K' L# Y3 E3 P' ]; z5.5 Turbine generator connection: Simulation at rated load..............................................24( ~- i* R& l2 @& }, }0 b
Simulation parameters & analysis :......................................................................................24
( r. E- }# I! b8 u+ |- ^" m J; C6. AC/DC/AC : Power and Frequency conversion.........................................................275 r# u% t0 g, D# y3 E2 A2 u
6.1 Diode Rectifier.............................................................................................................28
* x8 N4 H7 x( ]# F6.2 Overvoltage protection................................................................................................30/ ~& h4 B/ z* l
6.3 DC bus.........................................................................................................................31
: k1 R/ n1 r( Z. `% m0 o6.3.1 Build the DC bus....................................................................................................31
4 `5 A2 b$ i2 D; t6.3.2 Model validation.....................................................................................................32
6 m# T3 M# z8 J: ^1 N6.4 6-Pulse Thyristor inverter............................................................................................34 WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS PAGE A; C0 V1 m0 ]9 R# E9 ?; ?% |
PSCAD®4.02
( a6 @0 k! }9 b( L% _& }3 \5 tIntroduction+ ~7 o; I" s' f6 p+ \/ Z
6.4.1 Presentation..........................................................................................................34
9 A' S2 B, H6 ~, f% s, x# K- m9 E5 T6.4.2 Voltage collapse limitation....................................................................................36" X" @+ n* [$ q# }
6.4.3 Voltage regulation.................................................................................................37! S. J7 `. `0 K! v+ a! M, V
6.5 Connection to the network..........................................................................................40$ E) I+ T' ^3 ~2 e5 ^
7. The distribution grid...................................................................................................435 H* N. g' A8 W3 W8 d. C$ J; |
7.1.1 Definition of the grid..............................................................................................43& V2 e1 W. U' G: Q; q
7.1.2 Load Flow Simulation...........................................................................................47
6 v. E/ j$ q/ @ oPART C: SIMULATE 49& g0 y% b- g' ?% { d# I9 Y* C) u
8. Constant Wind Study.................................................................................................51
8 g- e8 h3 ^" t/ E$ d. T3 e/ \8.1 Structure the complete model.....................................................................................51) U, V. \' m' h; e
8.2 Constant wind study....................................................................................................53$ G& u V+ r# `/ p0 U" f
9. Fault Analysis.............................................................................................................55
+ t& Z. h& q) a5 d9.1 Default at Node 3........................................................................................................56
S, G& i- b2 b N1 c( z9.1.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................562 A& T3 ?9 S1 z- z
9.1.2 With DG connected at node 1..............................................................................57( R+ F6 ~2 {7 w5 k* h4 J
9.2 Default at Node 2........................................................................................................59
' N* z- A8 o! I4 |/ Y9.2.1 Without DG...........................................................................................................59
! o# x K a7 J$ X* O1 ]9.2.2 With DG connected at node 3..............................................................................59
0 k; ~% {; K% d2 t$ g+ y2 ~/ V2 H9 ]9.3 Conclusion..................................................................................................................61
2 i: Z2 y/ D: m3 Y8 c3 K10. Variable wind study....................................................................................................636 N9 V! n+ T- S& x& F. V+ w
10.1 Dynamic pitch control..................................................................................................63
# D2 w6 }' B% D$ B10.2 Passive pitch control simulation..................................................................................67
) n, o7 K+ {% n/ H( j( A10.3 Comparison of passive and dynamic pitch control......................................................69/ Q1 j% L- |! t! \& {% V$ W
11. Wind farm...................................................................................................................712 s5 k9 P# M# n2 b% z( c
11.1 From a single wind turbine to a wind farm..................................................................72
5 ^* ]" h: m( m11.1.1 Change the structure of the model.......................................................................72
0 C7 [- u" R) h0 Y4 j9 }% e H ^* w11.1.2 Modifications in the synchronous generator.........................................................737 G0 Q* M, [- {& e l+ p" p: t
11.1.3 Modifications in the transformer...........................................................................74
' y- I h% y1 B2 r7 ?11.1.4 Modifications in the grid........................................................................................74% d. j2 p$ n" c
11.2 PWM Regulation drives...............................................................................................75
1 B& f$ v% j0 y: u( {( G11.2.1 Principles..............................................................................................................75
5 z: u" p% A2 K+ m( d1 k. s! p11.2.2 Generation of the triangular waveform.................................................................75
9 u. @3 }# i, z. S( G, s11.2.3 Generation of the reference..................................................................................793 H- r* Z$ {2 y! }) b. ~
11.2.4 Generation of the firing pulses for the GTO inverter............................................83! V! v$ s/ n+ `) O. a
11.3 Simulation 85, g9 T1 {2 G- s, u
PART D: APPENDIX 879 q: ~ l. M7 j: Z% U
12. References.................................................................................................................89 |
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