: V6 E. r7 m5 H8 x) W) H5 X 1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 # S/ h2 Z, E% @$ i9 j6 o8 C5 \
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说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: ! d9 c8 r6 H0 O, O: s; q % o+ s7 I, ]7 v/ l2 Y8 A; v Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. " {4 x: R* a# k! [
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如果读者很难“显而见之 ”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! ; k5 _+ Q% u/ `
4 k; @# ~" j# P6 l 更多过渡短语: @! H7 O! |, D) H& y
+ K5 q6 G3 m% j& D N to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 0 [. o0 V; E. n7 `: B
, e; k {! K! j* u- s1 M 更多句型: * |9 T) j3 k4 E! F% a
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Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… + Y9 p. c7 }3 r& n! l+ d# E( F; c! `
2 . 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 * b8 b7 y7 ^ e- d " d, L1 n! K8 ^7 ~: n; [0 s* b. d 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! 6 v5 H6 v0 J; I p# T V2 K' V) y6 }# ]
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. : ~, h" x, s7 _2 ^( c 9 S/ k7 `6 a4 ^: Q2 C6 K 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? 1 N0 S; W" g6 D: q! i* j4 f% K/ U) U& J% N! r( ]
更多句型: - q" l( s. A$ {& D " Q9 j' i- v- ]/ ?; d- S Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. 0 W+ U3 g( O2 s5 b
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Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. : H" g8 @5 ] C: e6 o/ p9 S( ^$ R
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写作绝招 0 n$ N1 Y2 N5 {# `1 S- u& e7 t P4 y% J& c: J
写作的“七项基本原则”: ; S( D+ M& ]& _ % s' V W: X' k 一、 长 短 句原则 # X$ L( x& R$ F
8 v% a3 \/ `/ y/ _; M T 工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: % d4 |; Z8 s6 ?) i: Q9 _+ ~7 }+ S* o6 H, d1 Y3 J
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 9 L- [8 b' x8 h8 Z
/ h* g! Z" w* v: N8 |! p 二、 主 题 句原则 ! ?+ F$ p; Q [% E6 H* x& }2 b' L+ u) }& j9 u* N: S
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! 3 B5 s7 b0 a6 _
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特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! 5 G7 R, }: V, x" D4 c: }4 N* Z, @ e g! K; W
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. / e& c b5 d; \3 m m& T) O* }
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三、 一 二 三原则 ( c; H' `) J8 n4 x+ ]' [
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领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。石皮解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 ! ~- A) r5 p, Y+ Y2 R 4 c( q1 J# {1 \$ j o2 W" _ 1) first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) 5 [6 G6 L$ @* t8 b, m% i) I/ \6 F ; ?7 U9 U% Q7 H" H9 _$ J) w4 U 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) ' E K& f* i. P0 T \
4 a3 H0 K$ j: h7 u5 C1 u 3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) 7 v0 r6 N$ _, y( A, b: X$ i 9 S2 M2 C4 v4 F {5 H 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) ; H7 p0 H `! V" ~% k1 G
. N3 I* W! c$ T9 a0 K 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) , Q2 @) \4 Q1 s2 I. h
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6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) ( C( J9 X; R. E' G. T @+ I
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7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) & i6 c2 z' c" E3 j( W5 |, d( E& _
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8)most important of all, moreover, finally 8 Q$ A+ q- P: w 9 P2 x( F" X6 _7 u; [/ v% R 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) ; {* w1 Q' ]. ]
! G0 ]* o" u1 L: L' `0 z 10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) 0 Q# q2 m5 `/ c3 s! z
9 }9 j; ~5 W2 U 建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚! 2 e* _. D% F4 L( C! {
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四、 短语优先原则 % _8 v/ R ?! d5 A( O
) Q8 J! V. l. f7 r1 j& v 写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: % p8 {: g$ d! T' Z9 t3 o# y- P
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I cannot bear it. 8 b! Z( f! U2 ^+ c. T3 y* S4 I# m6 k& F- v
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. % x [3 x5 c& x9 i7 H6 l- J* H 9 K" a R9 e8 ?8 I2 C* Y I want it. 1 e* _! [$ p* x( q P6 N5 J4 k0 v& I) Z" L' s" g9 {& N! k7 Z
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. ) l* H% R& r* p4 L' z/ ~1 y. Y3 K1 Q& R( H7 c7 ~
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。 . i W1 I0 ]+ H0 ?+ T5 {) D! V: Q- z+ w
1 d- G, D& P4 D4 D1 | 五、 多实少虚原则 ' v+ W. j3 J% o$ b. t1 @" K" W" T. C) c4 O- x
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如: ; i3 E0 g, E# B6 i. R; D7 v% v' |" C9 d& N( z2 [4 m8 d3 [
走出房间, general的词是:walk out of the room 4 c! e- [# D m
. X+ A2 l' ~7 V( q 但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room . q) n5 s) H( M. K4 C2 m+ Z 7 a, r8 t$ I% j8 y2 K( F( o+ H 小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room & M$ f5 j# N9 Z3 G3 H! \: N + K! `- H' T8 S% O3 _ 小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room ! b# N2 X5 d# S8 _2 n7 B! u& m$ x' v& g" R
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room . V# C1 [. S, b6 c) N { . P) }% D0 G6 M7 t G4 s 所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩! - u) K; f0 F Z: s" Z
7 I- t+ L" Q. o/ N p9 D W 六、 多变句式原则 $ ^+ G. f; r. t7 p- u $ K1 }3 [' U9 p$ ]) k- Q7 h2 T 1)加法(串联) 3 b) c- N. ~7 T6 B7 v- q/ T
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都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加 and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: # _& f' z0 j$ A" t$ z$ o" E
+ g+ m* K7 \& S% U I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. : R, b% ?. V& X
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如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: - P6 P' O4 R, [' a. G& T r s# n2 C& x. k Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 1 J3 v4 `0 j) O* g
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其它的短语可以用: - s7 S9 A8 F+ p5 r4 x# c- e ; L9 e/ Y f5 F' I besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover - D. `" o* v8 M! d6 M$ S/ Q& Q4 L% v6 F. g" [4 Y
2)转折(拐弯抹角) 2 H# i* {8 f7 v7 ?% z6 m+ z" P
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批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 , u2 [' v) E7 z, v+ m. U: ~8 {
% F' | z9 {1 c The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. 7 W1 V: p& J, t8 \9 \ ! o% P& u% V" j ^# B: K The coat was thin, but it was warm. & A2 V/ u Y5 y6 C! r1 o6 ~6 L) ~0 D% d2 i
更多的短语: 2 S: K! i4 F/ U/ d2 e9 `' a! r& N* X1 H# R! x1 x/ v. @
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding + O+ d& l) B4 g& o0 F
% E! V$ r- ]5 h+ G4 x. Q 3)因果(so, so, so) 3 @% ^% _. [* J/ } o4 T: a2 R( H! \5 v) i
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! ) _7 G# d) z8 S
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The snow began to fall, so we went home. 1 f8 u/ T8 G" R, |, r1 D' x # }, s) { I: ^: s: s. T 更多短语: / v# H1 C& a+ ~6 b& W8 ^8 W! ?! d2 w( y$ v
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that , y8 }- ?+ T" P8 W: `
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4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) $ c* P+ T& b* o# D# |) \: F% d+ f% K# z" a9 ^
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 ; X5 g1 Z3 G) Z+ P+ d
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举例:This is what I can do. : w& d; J$ b( o0 q( ]
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Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 3 k p" z J& { Y$ f+ U& S1 _4 S5 U$ _, y' o% h
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: # u1 J6 z4 i/ j
- N. I% R" i; `+ W, ^/ j When to go, Why he goes away… % o8 `2 S8 q+ {& l( B 3 [5 g# ^0 q) x, ]: T 5)附加(多此一举) 2 L# }1 t. Q' U' \
0 H' C* a/ d& q 如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 * P% l7 ^4 a/ H. @6 R0 x1 C- ]( Z* x% m0 |
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 7 y3 r& f" {) \# x. j: {
; M6 {# R3 r2 O2 E5 V5 s I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. ! f# P; t0 a! }2 M6 p- X" U2 d) r& Z
* T+ P8 ~( z* k7 ` Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 8 f3 J( h4 }" Y+ A
- I4 s3 C1 O* B! v2 L" r 其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 , j3 T3 Q! v3 t$ }" ?
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6)排比(排山倒海句) u* t7 I5 U/ C5 X, V% `
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文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! 6 a5 s# T' d6 m7 K % l6 l: J1 y9 b* c Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. 8 ~( D8 H3 f1 z+ x6 O8 x: e q7 X# z* y( H( C t% ]: F; v( f
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. 9 d) O2 v9 i3 v3 P e6 l5 G
7 V' f3 S) H! m3 j% { We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) ( e- K* o2 G7 a {* D 5 }, f; l0 c* @/ m+ y& K; \7 t 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可! ' Z2 u2 M) T- m% T) B! p+ d : x2 |9 V$ a u( [4 _& U" W. M 七、 挑战极限原则 % M* \9 x' h8 c% N$ I$ g- g! T6 l( g
! t# }! N! s5 ?) s4 N 既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! 2 U$ i: \5 w- L# y
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原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: + H- X8 R4 F& J, n$ L
" M6 S3 T6 @- h! | g The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. 9 `% P2 J* w7 K! s2 [
6 i7 U* Q' L) j/ [& e y Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. " T# j$ b! ?1 Z; C5 V% E
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如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! ' C' ?2 B8 v- R 9 o- R0 m7 `3 A4 X. A% }4 T 写作绝招 7 a w3 B* v! h( o4 n6 n' T
# G( R1 a; [- n3 P- j* B 文章主体段落三大杀手锏: 3 L5 V1 @9 g- ?$ s6 p7 l3 D5 K! C% `+ T9 D
一、举实例 , S5 P( l' Q- R% a/ @% f) N
# o2 l3 R6 `% g* A- c! q+ A 思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! . A! f! T: b6 y + I$ D2 I9 e U' F& a In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. P% V7 V/ _/ w- ^$ P9 {! V5 W# p4 U$ e% n8 O
更多句型: 1 I+ |* L! O! Y4 ~
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To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example * F) R1 r- b- J( A7 n' p7 _& h6 r) Q$ z6 f5 J0 o; f
二、做比较 + h, e: r. M: Q4 T
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方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; T- R1 w8 ]! B9 A- [
8 f8 \8 Z' z. n+ U: Y% { 相似的比较: 6 g4 |/ u0 R5 z/ O0 t , V& n6 x h5 a | in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 4 p7 T: i0 ~& T5 s, r8 T2 @4 W
. @0 m# Y1 ^3 `& v8 {$ Z" n 相反的比较: 1 u- N) I0 k' P
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on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, … 4 @( b# x5 P+ K4 C% a6 T
8 c5 D7 B/ V/ t" ~ 三、换言之 0 }; o; I* L) g7 M8 g: Y4 ~ % t6 t% C5 v! ~! Q) Q" ]2 l 没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 ; A& C4 x- `/ D5 T% n# b8 I' y% i' t
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! 9 Z) v2 ], H v) y; Q 3 ^% U$ F; x6 z* [2 w I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. 6 I% ~( ~$ G: G2 i/ v4 x
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I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you. : {( N L. q- P' Y0 U$ F
\4 ~$ `5 G* |/ T1 V& Q- q 或者上面举过的例子: + K% O1 R2 b0 ?8 y1 H* U& \
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I cannot bear it. * ` }' |* Q e" i ~2 G+ C6 o! i 4 V2 H" D% v, M) ~6 S5 g 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. ! ]: r1 U4 Y' n8 l o- E4 }8 k7 p. a- @; W% q6 D, e. R* n
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it. & [/ L1 Q6 @+ S/ a" i, W( o* Y
- H; }( ^. m0 ?6 f/ n/ ~ 更多短语:in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply