微网中通过静态开关进行的故障测试和定位
AbstractMicrogrids are a highly efficient means of embedding distributed generation sources in a power system. However, if a fault occurs inside or outside the microgrid, the microgrid should be immediately disconnected from the main grid using a static switch installed at the secondary side of the main transformer near the point of common coupling (PCC). The static switch should have a reliable module implemented in a chip to detect/locate the fault and activate the breaker to open the circuit immediately. This paper proposes a novel approach to design this module in a static switch using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The wavelet coefficient of the fault voltage and the inference results of ANFIS with the wavelet energy of the fault current at the secondary side of the main transformer determine the control action (open or close) of a static switch. The ANFIS identifies the faulty zones inside or outside the microgrid. The proposed method is applied to the first outdoor microgrid test bed in Taiwan, with a generation capacity of 360.5 kW. This microgrid test bed is studied using the real-time simulator eMEGAsim developed by OPAL-RT Technologies Inc. (Montreal, QC, Canada). The proposed method based on DWT and ANFIS is implemented in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) by using the Xilinx System Generator. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method is efficient and applicable in the real-time control environment of a power system.
微网是一种将分布式发电来源嵌入电力系统的有效手段。然而，如果微网内部或外部出现故障，微网应立即与主网断开连接，这就要通过安装在公共连接点（PCC）旁主变压器的二级侧上的静态开关来实现。静态开关应具备在芯片上运行的可靠板块以便检测和定位故障，并立即激活断路器断开电流。这篇论文介绍了一种利用离散小波变换（DWT）和自适应模糊推理系统（ANFIS）来设计静态开关中该模块的全新方法。故障电压的小波系数和ANFIS对主变压器二级侧上故障电流的小波能量的推测结果决定了静态开关的控制动作（开或关）。ANFIS可识别出微网内部或外部的故障区域。文中提到的试行方法被用在台湾第一个发电容量为360.5千瓦的户外微电网测试平台中。对于该微电网测试平台的研究是通过OPAL-RT技术有限公司(加拿大，魁北克，蒙特利尔)开发的eMEGAsim实时仿真器进行的。文中涉及的基于DWT和ANFIS的试行方法是通过Xilinx系统生成软件在FPGA上运行的。仿真结果显示，试行方法对电力系统的实时控制环境下是有效且可行的。
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